Video 3

Medical Vocabulary: Understanding Terms Related to the Digestive System

Parts of the Digestive System

• The video introduces medical vocabulary related to systems, devices, conditions, diseases, and procedures. It begins with parts of the digestive system.

• The term "pharynx" derives from the Greek word "pharing," meaning throat. Related terms include "pharyngology" (study of the pharynx) and "pharyngoscopy" (instrumental examination of the pharynx).

• The Greek root "gloss" means tongue, leading to terms like "glosoplegia," which refers to partial paralysis of the tongue.

• The esophagus is derived from Greek "isophagus." An inflamed esophagus is termed "esophagitis." The liver is referred to as “hepat” in medicine, leading to terms like “hepatology” (study of the liver) and “hepatitis” (liver inflammation).

• From the Greek word for pancreas comes “pancreatitis,” indicating inflammation of this organ.

Additional Digestive Terms

• The root "gastr" leads to terms such as “gastroenterology,” which studies both stomach and intestines; however, it encompasses all digestive organs.

• The term for gallbladder originates from Latin; simple terms like “cholecystitis” refer to its inflammation.

• In Greek, “enter” means inside; thus, words like “dysentery” indicate a disease affecting intestines.

• Latin roots yield words such as “intestinal,” relating specifically to intestines.

• The term for rectum comes from Greek "proc," leading to medical terminology such as proctology (study of rectum).

Respiratory System Terminology

Key Respiratory Terms

• Derived from Greek roots related to bronchi are numerous medical terms including “bronchoceles,” referring to hernias in bronchi.

• From Latin origin, “pulmo” gives rise to adjectives like pulmonary that relate directly back to lungs.

• The word trachea comes from Greek meaning rough; it forms part of various medical terminologies including rhinotracheitis (inflammation of nose and trachea).

Urogenital System Vocabulary

Urogenital Anatomy Insights

• From Greek root "neph," we derive words such as nephritis indicating kidney inflammation.

• Medical terminology around ovaries stems from both Greek ("o") and Latin ("ovum"), with terms like oophorectomy referring specifically to ovary removal.

• Hysteria relates back historically through etymology linked with uterus; surgical removal is termed hysterectomy.

Cervical and Vaginal Terminology

• Cervical derives from Latin cervix denoting neck area; associated conditions include cervicalgia or neck pain.

• Vagina has roots in both Latin (“vagin”) meaning sheath and Greek (“colp”), leading into medical practices such as colposcopy.

This structured overview provides a comprehensive understanding of key medical vocabulary across different body systems while linking each concept back through their etymological origins.

Understanding Medical Terminology

Origins of Medical Terms Related to Anatomy

• Vulvitis and Vulvectomía: The term "vulvitis" refers to the inflammation of the vulva, while "vulvectomía" denotes its surgical removal. These terms derive from Greek and Latin roots.

• Clein and Clavícula: The Greek word "clein," meaning key or lock, relates to the clavicle's shape. This is reflected in medical terms like "cleideectomía," which means the excision of the clavicle.

• Osteo-related Terms: The root "osteo" signifies bone, leading to words such as "osteoblasto." Additionally, "art" indicates joint, giving rise to terms like "artritis," which means joint inflammation.

• Spinal Terminology: From the Greek word for spine ("raki"), we get terms like "raquialgia," referring to spinal pain. Similarly, “espondil” leads to “espondilitis,” indicating vertebral inflammation.

• Muscle Etymology: The term for muscle originates from “mus,” meaning mouse in Latin, reflecting its original connotation of a small creature.

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Terms

• Angiogenesis: The Greek root “angi” translates to vessel or container, forming words like “angioma,” a tumor made up of blood vessels.

• Cardiology Roots: The prefix “cardi” pertains to heart-related terminology; for instance, “cardiólogo” refers to a heart specialist.

• Venous Terminology: Derived from the Indo-European verb meaning 'to swell,' terms related to veins include “flevotomía,” which is venous incision.

Common Medical Prefixes and Suffixes

• Inflammation Indicators: The suffix "-itis" denotes inflammation (e.g., arthritis), while "-algia" signifies pain (e.g., neuroalgia).

• Tumor and Condition Terms: Suffixes like "-oma" indicate tumors (e.g., carcinoma), whereas "-osis" describes abnormal conditions (e.g., artrosis).

• Surgical Procedures Vocabulary: Words such as "-ectomía" mean surgical removal (e.g., apendicectomía), while "-otomía" indicates cutting (e.g., traqueotomía).

Medical Procedures Explained

• Gastrectomía Definition: This term combines the Greek word for stomach (“gaster”) with "-ectomía," signifying surgical removal of the stomach.

• Biopsia Meaning: Originating from Greek roots where “bios” means life and “opsia” means view; it refers to examining living tissue samples.

This structured overview captures essential medical terminology insights derived from anatomical roots and common prefixes/suffixes relevant in medical contexts.