Las SINAPSIS y las NEURONAS: tipos y cómo funcionan en el cerebro🧠⚡

Neuronal Synapse and Its Physical Structure

In this video, the neuronal synapse and its physical structure are discussed. The types of synapses that exist and how they are carried out are also explained.

What is a Synapse?

• A synapse is the medium used by neurons to communicate with each other or with other types of cells such as those that make up our muscles and glands.

• The main objective of any form of communication through a synapse is to transmit important information from a messenger cell to one or many more receptor cells.

• Messages transmitted by neurons through synapses are electrochemical in nature, consisting of an electrical message (action potential) and a chemical message (neurotransmitters).

Physical Structure of Neurons

• Neurons have a voluminous structure that houses the nucleus called the soma and several extensions that emerge from the soma called dendrites and axons.

• Dendrites receive signals and transmit them to the soma where information is processed while axons conduct signals already processed in the soma to other neurons.

• The transmission of messages does not occur only once but is a reaction in a chain of many neurons throwing balls until one of them takes them to the final base which could be a muscle or gland.

How Synapses Work

• All neurons store neurotransmitters in small membranous sacs called synaptic vesicles until they receive an electrical signal (action potential).

• Changes occur in the cell membrane when calcium ions enter into cytoplasm causing vesicles to fuse with terminal zone membrane releasing neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft.

• Neurotransmitters diffuse across this space until it reaches its receptors in postsynaptic cell causing opening ion channels allowing excitatory/inhibitory electrical response production.

• Propagation extends through an entire network of neurons until it reaches cell/group carrying out final effect response such as muscle cells that will contract or relax.

Types of Synapses

In this section, we learn about the two types of synapses - electrical and chemical.

Electrical Synapses

• Message is transmitted electrically from one neuron to another.

• Both cells are physically connected through protein structures called captchas.

• Abductions allow the electrical changes that the membrane of a neuron undergoes when it is stimulated to be instantly transmitted to the other neuron causing cells to behave as if they were a single cell.

Chemical Synapses

• The message is finally transmitted through neurotransmitters chemical substances that act as messengers carrying information from one cell to another.

• Neurotransmitters are released by a pressurized neuron after receiving the last one and diffuse freely through the kinetic slit until they find in the membrane of the post-inactive cell the receptors.

• Finally, in the receptors communicate, the message to the interior of the cells producing a response in it if there are many neurons that participate in communication.

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

In this section, we learn about excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

Excitatory Synapse

• Allows a rapid response to targets.

• Sensory neurons send messages through dendrites which travel by its action to sonic terminal causing release of transmitters.

• Transmitters talk about heat perceived to other areas called internal which communicate it to cultured neurons who finally communicate with muscle that perceives heat so that it contracts by withdrawing from hot object.

Inhibitory Synapse

• When faced with a stimulus, they intervene by blocking the natural response.

• A synapse and victory would send a second signal to the brain not to let go of the object even though it is burning us in the event that we want to avoid a disaster for example.

Classification of Synapses

In this section, we learn about how synapses can be classified.

• The synapse can also be classified depending on the place of the postsynaptic neuron with which it communicates.

• Depending on how it responds to a particular stimulus, an excitatory or inhibitory synapse generally allows a rapid response to targets.

• Finally, the communication of these inhibitory messages is the task of a group of neurotransmitters whose function is to inhibit responses promoted by other reclining neurotransmitters.