Implementing IPv6 in Your Organization

This section discusses different ways to implement IPv6 in an organization's environment, including tunneling and addressing types.

Tunneling IPv6 within an Existing Network Configuration

• 6to4 is an addressing type that sends IPv6 information over an existing IPv4 address.

• Challenges with 6to4 include the need for specific relay routers and lack of support for network address translation.

4in6 Tunneling

• 4in6 tunneling involves tunneling IPv4 traffic inside an existing IPv6 network. However, this technology is not widely implemented due to its challenges.

Teredo for Network Address Translation Support

• Teredo allows tunneling of IPv6 through a NATed IPv4 network, enabling end-to-end communication. It does not require special routers or relay systems.

• Teredo is commonly used on Windows operating systems, but there is also an open-source version called Miredo available for Linux, BSD Unix, and Mac OS.

Dual-Stack Routing and Device Configuration

This section explains how dual-stack routing enables devices and routers to communicate using both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously.

Dual-Stack Routing Implementation

• Dual-stack routing allows devices and routers to use both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously. Traffic can be forwarded appropriately based on the destination IP version.

Configuring Routers with Both IPv4 and IPv6

• Routers can be configured with separate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. They have separate routing tables for each IP version, and dynamic routing protocols can be used for both versions.

Differences in Addressing and Routing

This section highlights the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and routing configurations.

Separate Configuration for IPv6 Addresses

• Devices have their own separate configuration for IPv6 addresses, with separate routing tables from IPv4. Dynamic routing protocols are specific to the IPv6 section of the router.

Simultaneous Configuration of IPv4 and IPv6

• Devices can be configured with both an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address simultaneously. Routing devices will appropriately route traffic based on the IP version.

Neighbor Discovery Protocol in IPv6

This section explains how neighbor discovery works in place of broadcasts in IPv6.

Neighbor Solicitation and Advertisement

• Instead of using traditional broadcast-based address resolution protocol (ARP), neighbor solicitation (NS) multicast protocol is used to identify devices on the network. A device sends a neighbor solicitation message, and matching devices respond with a neighbor advertisement (NA).

Multicast Capabilities of IPv6

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) replaces ARP in IPv6 by utilizing multicast capabilities. It allows more efficient protocols like multicast to identify devices on the network.

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

This section discusses the use of Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) in IPv6 networks.

Automatic Address Configuration with SLAAC

• SLAAC allows devices to be configured with IPv6 addresses without the need for a separate DHCP server. Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is used to ensure no duplicate IP addresses are assigned.

Finding Routers and Configuring Devices

This section explains how routers are found and configured on an IPv6 network.

Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Router Identification

• Neighbor Discovery Protocol is used to find routers on the network. A router solicitation message is sent, and routers respond with router advertisements containing relevant information such as IPv6 address, prefix information, and prefix length.

Automatic Device Configuration

• Local devices can automatically configure themselves based on router advertisements received through multicast. This allows them to identify where the routers are located on their local subnet.

Conclusion

IPv6 implementation in organizations involves various methods such as tunneling, dual-stack routing, neighbor discovery protocols, and automatic configuration. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effectively deploying IPv6 in an organization's environment.