ESTRUCTURA DEL ADN (Ácido desoxirribonucleico)

Understanding the Structure of DNA

Overview of DNA

• DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a complex molecule primarily responsible for storing genetic information and providing instructions for protein synthesis that dictate cellular functions, division, and organism formation.

• The transmission of DNA across generations explains familial resemblances, linking individuals to their ancestors through ancient genes.

Locations of DNA in Humans

• In humans, DNA is found in two main locations:

• Mitochondria (inherited from the mother).

• Nucleus (packaged into structures called chromosomes).

Composition of DNA

• The basic building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which form a sequence along the chain. Each nucleotide consists of:

• A phosphate group.

• A pentose sugar (deoxyribose).

• A nitrogenous base.

Structure and Functionality

• The phosphate group and pentose sugar create a backbone linked by phosphodiester bonds, forming the structural framework for the nucleotide sequence.

• Nitrogenous bases are attached to the pentose sugar; they are categorized into purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).

Double Helix Formation

• The structure of DNA comprises two parallel strands that complement each other through paired nitrogenous bases located within the helical interior.