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ANTIGUA GRECIA 6: La Época Helenística -Las Guerras de los Diádocos y la expansión romana (Historia)
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ANTIGUA GRECIA 6: La Época Helenística -Las Guerras de los Diádocos y la expansión romana (Historia)

Ancient Greece 6: The Hellenistic Period

This section provides an overview of the Hellenistic period in ancient Greece, focusing on what happened in the empire of Alexander the Great after his death.

The Aftermath of Alexander's Death

  • In 323 BC, Alexander the Great died in Babylon, leaving behind a bastard child and another child on the way from his relationship with Roxana, a Bactrian princess.
  • Two factions emerged after Alexander's death - those who supported maintaining the empire united under a monarchy and those who preferred to divide the conquered lands among successors known as Diadochi.
  • The territories were divided among the Diadochi. Ptolemaic Egypt was assigned to one, Macedonia to another, Thrace to another, and so on.
  • A war called the Lamian War broke out between Athens and Etolia against Antipater's government. Antipater crushed the rebels and abolished democracy in Athens.
  • There were disagreements about what to do with Alexander's body. Eventually, it was decided that he would be taken to Pella, the Macedonian capital, for a grand mausoleum.

Wars of the Diadochi

  • Conflicts arose among the Diadochi. Some wanted a united kingdom under one ruler while others wanted their own piece of power. This led to wars known as Wars of the Diadochi.
  • The first war began in 321 BC, with Perdiccas leading the attack. However, he faced setbacks and was eventually killed by Ptolemy.
  • The winners of the wars gathered to reorganize the territories. Antipater became regent of Macedonia, Lysimachus ruled Thrace, Ptolemy controlled Egypt, and so on.

Power Struggles and Civil Wars

  • In 319 BC, after Antipater's death, power struggles erupted again. Cassander was not chosen as his successor, leading to a civil war in Greece.
  • Cassander allied with other Diadochi against Eumenes and Poliperconte. Eventually, Cassander captured Roxana and her baby and proclaimed himself king of Macedonia.
  • Other Diadochi also declared themselves kings in their respective regions - Ptolemy in Egypt, Antigonus in Anatolia and the Middle East, Seleucus in Asia.
  • Casandro married a sister of Alexander the Great named Thessalonica and founded a city named after her.
  • Antigonus became powerful in Asia Minor but faced opposition from Seleucus, Lysimachus, and Cassander. They defeated him in battle.

Rise of New Kingdoms

  • Peace was short-lived as conflicts continued. Seleucus gained control over the eastern part of Asia while facing challenges from the Maurya Empire.
  • Cassander expelled Alexander IV and Roxana from Macedonia and proclaimed himself king. Other Diadochi also became kings in their respective regions.
  • Antigonus's son, Demetrio, entered Greece with the intention of seizing the throne of Cassander.

The summary has been provided in English as requested.

The Advance and Defeat of the Antigonids

This section discusses how Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and Cassander prevented the advance of the Antigonids in various places. It mentions the failure of the Siege of Rhodes and the joint army's victory over the Antigonids in the Battle of Ipsos.

The Siege of Rhodes and Battle of Ipsos

  • The Siege of Rhodes, an ally of Egypt, failed, leaving it as the only major Greek naval power in the Aegean.
  • In 301 BC, a joint army led by Lysimachus, Cassander, and Seleucus defeated the Antigonids in the Battle of Ipsos.
  • Demetrio was trampled by elephants during this battle and ended up fleeing.

Aftermath and Peace Deal

This section discusses the aftermath of the Battle of Ipsos and how peace was established. It mentions how Lysimachus took control over part of Asia Minor while Seleucus took control over Asia. It also highlights that ancient Persian satrapies eventually became independent.

Division of Territories

  • Lysimachus gained control over a significant portion of Asia Minor.
  • Seleucus took control over the rest of Asia.
  • Many ancient Persian satrapies eventually became independent states such as Pontus, Paphlagonia, or Armenia.

Founding Powerful Cities

  • During a decade of peace following the Battle of Ipsos, Lysimachus and others used this time to found powerful cities like Antioch.

Destabilization and Capture

This section focuses on events after Cassander's death. It mentions how his kingdom in Macedonia became destabilized as his sons fought for the throne. Demetrio Poliocertes managed to regain power but was eventually captured by allied troops led by Lisimaco and Pyrrhus.

Power Struggles in Macedonia

  • After Cassander's death, his sons fought for the throne, leading to destabilization in Macedonia.
  • Demetrio Poliocertes managed to regain power in 294 BC but was later captured by allied troops led by Lisimaco and Pyrrhus.

Death of Demetrio and Celebrations

This section discusses the death of Demetrio and its impact. It mentions how the Rhodians celebrated his defeat by building the famous Colossus of Rhodes. However, an earthquake destroyed it later on.

Death of Demetrio

  • The death of Demetrio was celebrated by many, especially the Rhodians.
  • The Rhodians built the famous Colossus of Rhodes, a huge bronze statue depicting the god Helios, to commemorate their victory over Demetrio.
  • However, an earthquake destroyed the Colossus in 226 BC.

Power Shifts and Betrayals

This section focuses on power shifts and betrayals among various leaders. It mentions how Macedonia was divided between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus. It also highlights Ptolemy Ceraunos' betrayal of Seleucus.

Division of Macedonia

  • Pyrrhus and Lysimachus divided control over Macedonia between their kingdoms.
  • Ptolemy Ceraunos betrayed Seleucus once he arrived in Macedonia to take power.

Antiochus I Soter Takes Over

This section briefly mentions Antiochus I Soter taking over the Seleucid Empire and its expansion into Anatolia.

Antiochus I Soter

  • Antiochus I Soter took over the Seleucid Empire.
  • The Seleucid Empire expanded into Anatolia.

Rise and Fall of Ptolemy Ceraunos

This section discusses the rise and fall of Ptolemy Ceraunos in Macedonia. It also mentions the establishment of three Hellenistic empires.

Rise and Fall of Ptolemy Ceraunos

  • Ptolemy Ceraunos initially remained in command of Macedonia but faced an invasion by Celtic tribes from Gaul called Galatians.
  • He died in 279 BC during this conflict, leading to the end of his rule in Macedonia.

Establishment of Hellenistic Empires

  • The fall of the last diadocho resulted in the establishment of three empires:
  • The Ptolemaic Dynasty (Lagide) in Egypt, with Alexandria as its capital.
  • The Seleucid Empire in Asia, with Seleucia as its capital.
  • The Antigonid Dynasty in Macedonia, with Pella as its capital.

Cultural Significance and Language

This section highlights some cultural significance during this period. It mentions the Library of Alexandria, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and the prevalence of Greek as a lingua franca.

Cultural Significance

  • The Library of Alexandria became a meeting point for knowledge from both the West and East.
  • The Lighthouse of Alexandria was considered one of the wonders of the ancient world.
  • Greek, specifically Koine language, prevailed as a lingua franca during this time. Aramaic and ancient Persian were also spoken.

Independence and Conflict

This section discusses the independence of various Greek city-states, including Athens, Sparta, Aetolia, and Achaia. It also mentions the Kingdom of Epirus led by Pyrrhus and their conflict with Rome.

Independence of City-States

  • Athens, Sparta, Aetolia, and Achaia gained independence after a long period under Macedonian power.
  • The Kingdom of Epirus, led by Pyrrhus, opposed Rome with support from Carthage.

Pyrrhic War and Roman Conquest

This section focuses on the Pyrrhic War between Pyrrhus and Rome. It mentions how Rome eventually conquered Magna Grecia.

The Pyrrhic War

  • Pyrrhus launched the Pyrrhic War against Rome.
  • He won battles at Heraclea and Asculum but suffered heavy losses.
  • His failure at the Battle of Benevento left him out of the game.
  • The Romans learned to fight against elephants using fire arrows and defeated Pyrrhus' forces.
  • Afterward, Magna Grecia came under Roman control.

Wars in Celesiria and Greek Loss of Independence

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New Section The Impact of Antiochus IV and the Maccabean Revolt

This section discusses the impact of Antiochus IV and the Maccabean revolt on Judea.

Antiochus IV's Mistake

  • In 167 BC, Antiochus IV attempted to offer a pig as a sacrifice to Zeus in a temple dedicated to the Lord in Judea.
  • This act was considered sinful by the Jews and led to the Maccabean revolt.

The Maccabean Revolt

  • The Maccabean revolt ended the brief independence of Judea.
  • The victory in this revolt is commemorated every year during Hanukkah.

New Section Rome's Influence on Greece and Western Culture

This section explores how Rome's influence shaped Greece and contributed to Western culture.

The 4th Macedonian War

  • A pretender named Andriscus claimed to be the son of Perseus and sought to reclaim the Macedonian throne.
  • His defeat in the 2nd Battle of Pydna marked an end to any chance of restoring the Macedonian Empire.

Achaean War and Roman Conquest

  • After the Achaean War, all of Greece became part of Rome permanently.
  • Both Greek and Roman cultures eventually merged, laying the foundations for Western culture.

New Section Parthia's Expansion and Roman Absorption

This section discusses Parthia's expansion into Seleucid territories and Rome's absorption of other kingdoms.

Parthian Conquests

  • From 144 BC, Parthia began conquering provinces of the Seleucid Empire.

Roman Absorption

  • In 130 BC, Rome absorbed the Kingdom of Pergamum.
  • The United Persian Armenia also ate up the remaining Seleucid territories and became part of Rome.

New Section Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Octavian

This section focuses on the relationship between Cleopatra, Mark Antony, and Octavian.

Cleopatra's Flirtation with Mark Antony

  • After Julius Caesar's death, Cleopatra began flirting with Mark Antony.
  • This caused tension between Mark Antony and Octavian.

War and Tragic End

  • Octavian declared war on Cleopatra and Mark Antony.
  • After the Battle of Actium, both lovers committed suicide.
Video description

Tras la muerte de Alejandro Magno en el 323 a.C., su imperio se fragmentó en una serie de guerras conocidas como la Guerra de los Diádocos, donde sus antiguos generales lucharon por el control del vasto territorio conquistado. En este vídeo exploramos los principales protagonistas del conflicto: Pérdicas, Antígono, Ptolomeo, Seleuco, Casandro y Lisímaco, así como las múltiples alianzas, traiciones y batallas que marcaron esta etapa de inestabilidad. Analizamos cómo, tras décadas de luchas, el imperio quedó dividido en varios reinos helenísticos: el Reino ptolemaico de Egipto, el Imperio seléucida en Asia, el Reino de Macedonia y otros estados menores como el de Pérgamo o Epiro. Hablamos también de la fusión cultural entre el mundo griego y las tradiciones locales, el auge de nuevas ciudades como Alejandría, el desarrollo de la ciencia, la filosofía, la religión y el arte helenístico, así como las tensiones internas que poco a poco facilitaron la expansión de Roma. Una etapa clave para entender cómo el legado de Alejandro se transformó en una red de potencias que marcaron el rumbo del Mediterráneo oriental durante siglos. 🚀➤Patreon → https://bit.ly/2E3zmkS 🎥➤Canal de Cine → https://bit.ly/2Q2hEmj 🐥➤Twitter → https://bit.ly/2YpvuCh 🖼➤Instagram → https://bit.ly/2JfEXIT 📮➤Facebook → https://bit.ly/2JBaMeK 🔏➤Mi Blog → https://bit.ly/2HgsRvI #Historia #GreciaHelenística #Documental EPISODIO 34 de PERO ESO ES OTRA HISTORIA (web serie documental) ANTIGUA GRECIA 6: La Época Helenística. La Guerra de los Diádocos y la expansión romana 0:00 Introducción Grecia Helenística 0:54 Los Sucesores de Alejadro Magno: Los Diádocos 2:41 Las Guerras de los Diádocos (321-301 A.C.) 6:40 Los Últimos Diádocos (301-281 A.C.) 8:25 Los Epígonos y los Reinos Helenísticos (281-214 A.C.) 11:03 Las Guerras Macedónicas contra Roma (214-148 A.C.) Tras la muerte de Alejandro Magno, sus generales, los llamados Diádocos, se repartieron su vasto imperio conquistado. Ptolomeo se quedó con Egipto, Antípatro con Macedonia, y luego su poder lo tomaría Casandro por la fuerza, Antígono Monoftalmos se haría con toda Anatolia y Oriente Próximo tras diversas guerras, y Seleuco, que comenzó como sátrapa de Babilonia, llegaría a dominar toda Asia. Las guerras entre ellos no tardaron en comenzar, y acabaron con la derrota de Antígono en la Batalla de Ipsos. Pero ahora también estaban los epígonos, los sucesores de estos generales, y también querían movida. Demetrio, hijo de Antígono quería venganza, y Ptolomeo Cerauno, hijo desheredado de Ptolomeo, quería poder. Y la cosa se lió hasta límites insospechados. Tras casi tres siglos de luchas constantes por poder y territorios, los sucesores de Alejandro tuvieron que enfrentarse a un último enemigo común: Roma. ¿Lograrían detenerle? Por supuesto que no. --------------- 'Pero eso es otra Historia' es una serie documental semanal emitida a través de Youtube que busca ser un resumen divertido de toda la historia de la humanidad, desde la creación de la Tierra hasta la actualidad. Si buscas curiosidades sobre la Historia, este es tu sitio.