✅ EMBRIOLOGÍA del SISTEMA URINARIO 💦🚽 | Sistema UROGENITAL
Embryology of the Urogenital System
In this section, the embryology of the urogenital system is discussed, focusing on the development of organs related to waste elimination and reproduction.
Development of the Urinary System
- The urogenital system includes urinary and genital organs. Mesoderm types - lateral, intermediate, paraxial.
- The urogenital crest gives rise to the urinary apparatus. Components include kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Kidney and Ureter Development
- Human embryos have three renal systems: pronephros (cervical), mesonephros (thoracic/lumbar), metanephros (pelvic).
- Pronephros regresses as mesonephric tubules develop into S-shaped structures with glomeruli formation.
Formation of Permanent Kidneys
- Metanephric primordia form permanent kidneys from ureteric bud and metanephric blastema.
- Metanephric diverticulum elongates to become ureter; branching leads to collecting tubules differentiation.
Nephron Formation and Renal Function
- Nephrons consist of glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal/distal convoluted tubules; essential for kidney function.
- Kidneys initially lobulated but lose lobulation post-birth due to nephron growth without an increase in number.
Bladder and Urethra Development
- Cloaca divides into urogenital sinus/anorectal canal; urorectal septum forms perineal body.
- Bladder derives from vesical part of urogenital sinus; urachus becomes median umbilical ligament in adults.
Embryology of the Urogenital System
This section discusses the embryological development of the urogenital system, focusing on the epithelium of the urethra and the formation of various glands.
Epithelial Development
- The epithelium of most of the male urethra and all of the female urethra derives from endoderm of the Urogenital Sinus.
- By the end of the third month, proliferation begins in the epithelium of the prostatic urethra, leading to several evaginations that extend into the surrounding mesenchyme.
Embryology of the Urogenital System
This part delves into anomalies and further developments in embryology related to renal and urogenital structures.
Anomalies and Organogenesis
- In males, these outgrowths will give rise to the Prostate Gland, while in females, they contribute to urethral glands.
- Examples of congenital anomalies within this system include renal agenesis, duplicated ureter, pelvic kidney, crossed ectopia, and horseshoe kidney.