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Veins of the Head and Neck (Internal & External Jugular) | Anatomy
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Veins of the Head and Neck (Internal & External Jugular) | Anatomy

Overview of the Veins of the Head and Neck

Introduction to Venous Systems

  • The venous system is divided into four main systems: veins of the heart, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and portal system.
  • This video focuses on superficial veins of the head and neck that drain into the superior vena cava.

Understanding Vein Structure

  • Blood flow typically moves from the heart through arteries to veins and back; however, this video will approach it from heart to periphery for better visualization.
  • In contrast to arteries which have side branches, veins are discussed in terms of tributaries (smaller veins draining into larger ones).

Key Veins in the Head

Major Veins Explained

  • The internal jugular vein drains blood from the sigmoid sinus (a dural sinus in the brain), while external jugular vein branches off from subclavian vein.
  • The first vein draining directly into the internal jugular is the lingual vein, which receives blood from deep lingual, dorsal lingual, and sublingual veins.

Facial Vein Contributions

  • The common facial vein is formed by two components: facial vein and anterior root of retromandibular vein; it supplies blood to superficial structures in the face.
  • An important tributary is the deep facial vein which connects with pterygoid plexus supplying various structures including teeth and muscles involved in mastication.

Variations in Venous Drainage

Occipital Vein Insights

  • The occipital vein has variations in drainage; it may connect with posterior auricular vein or drain directly into internal jugular vein based on different sources.

Venous Supply of the Neck

Internal Jugular Drainage

  • A mnemonic "medical schools let confident people in" helps remember key veins draining into internal jugular: middle thyroid, superior thyroid, lingual, common facial, and inferior petrosal sinus.
  • Inferior petrosal sinus drains blood from cavernous sinus directly into internal jugular within cranial cavity after passing through jugular foramen.

External Jugular Contributions

  • Four key veins drain directly into external jugular: posterior external jugular (muscles/skin of neck), anterior jugular (anterior neck surface), suprascapular (muscles around scapula), transverse cervical (superficial/deep neck muscles).

Quiz Preparation

  • A quiz at end challenges viewers to recall names and functions of various veins discussed throughout video content as a measure of understanding gained during presentation.
Video description

🌐 Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ 🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 🔬 Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 📲 Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey This video will cover the: - External veins of the head and face - External Jugular Vein - Internal Jugular Veins Through a scheme (which schematically show the course, tributaries and drainage). Content of the video: 0:00 Introduction 2:26 External Veins of the Head 6:41 Internal Jugular Vein 8:50 External Jugular Vein 9:53 Quiz Intro: - Venous system consists of 4 parts: ○ Veins of the heart ○ Vena cava superior ○ Vena cava Inferior ○ Portal system - Venous Tributaries: smaller veins that empty into larger veins - Superior vena cava divides into two brachiocephalic veins. Brachiocephalic vein is formed by the internal jugular and the subclavian vein. The external jugular empties into the subclavian vein. Veins of the head: - Internal Jugular (Vena Jugularis Interna) drains from the Sigmoid Sinus (Sinus Sigmoideus) ○ Lingual Vein (v. Lingua) § Dorsal lingual vein (vena dorsalis lingua) § Deep lingual vein (vena profunda lingua) § Sublingual vein (vena sublingualis) ○ Common facial vein § Facial vein (Vena facialis) □ Deep facial vein (vena facialis profunda) towards the infratemporal fossa (fossa infratemporalis)and form: □ Pterygoid plexus (plexus pterygoideus) continus as Maxillary Vein (vena maxillaris) □ Maxillary vein connects with the Retromandibular vein (vena retromandibularis) and form the Superficial temporal vein (vena temporalis superficialis) □ Superficial Temporal Vein supply parietal and frontal region with blood § Anterior root of retromandibular vein connects with the posterior root of retromandibular vein and form the Retromandibular vein - External Jugular Vein (Vena Jugularis Externa) ○ Formed by the posterior root of retromandubular vein and the posterior auricular vein (vena auricularis posterior) - Occipital Vein (vena occipitalis) - Variations!! ○ Empty into the Posterior auricular vein and form the posterior root of the external jugular vein which then empty into the external jugular ○ Empty directly into the internal jugular Veins of the neck: - Internal Jugular vein Mnemonic: ○ Medical Schools Let Confident People In ○ M: Middle Thyroid (vena thyroidea media) ○ S: Superior Thyroid (vena thyroidea superior) ○ L: Lingual Vein (vena lingualis) ○ C: Common facial vein ○ P: Pharyngeal vein (vena pharyngea) - drains pharyngal plexus ○ I: Inferior petrosal sinus (sinus petrosus inferior) - External Jugular vein Mnemonic: ○ PAST ○ P: Posterior external jugular vein ○ A: Anterior jugular vein (vena jugularis antrior) -- Jugular venous arch ○ S: Suprascapular vein (vena suprascapularis) ○ T: Transverse cervical vein (Vv. transversae colli) QUIZ: Can you fill in the blanks in this quiz?! :)