EL PRIMER GRITO LIBERTARIO - 25 DE MAYO 1809 - Revolución de CHUQUISACA

The First Cry for Freedom: May 25, 1809

Context of the Political Situation in Charcas

• The situation in Charcas deteriorated following Goyeneche's visit in late 1808, which had a dual mission: recognition of the Junta de Sevilla and proposals from Carlota Joaquín. Both were rejected by local authorities.

• Pizarro and Moxo adopted a supportive stance towards Goyeneche, unlike the oidores and elite of Charcas. They praised him and backed the Junta de Sevilla while accepting Joaquín's proposals.

Rising Tensions and Actions Taken

• Facing pressure from oidores to dismiss both himself and the archbishop, Pizarro sought help from Francisco de Paula Sans, intending to lead an expedition to restore order through force.

• In response to Pizarro's orders, key political figures were arrested as they were seen as instigators of disorder; however, only one brother Sudes was captured initially. This led to public unrest as Jaime Sudes alerted citizens about his detention.

The Uprising Begins

• A large crowd gathered demanding the resignation of Pizarro and the archbishop amidst loud bell ringing; they seized military arms available at the presidential residence.

• Colonel Juanio Álvarez de Arenales was appointed military commander to quell disturbances; he facilitated the release of detainees while Pizarro was forced to resign and imprisoned, marking the start of a revolution.

Organization of Resistance

• Insurgents organized armed companies under regidor leadership, constructed defensive structures, and prepared for an anticipated invasion by Sans' troops from Potosí. They took extensive measures for defense against what seemed like imminent military intervention.

• The new government began organizing its militias with José de la Iglesia presiding over authority; Álvarez de Arenales appointed company leaders among local professionals including Manuel Sudá who led a group called "the Company of Terror."

Escalation into Insurrection

• Military fortifications were established in Chuquisaca with cannons cast and weapons distributed among rebels; preparations intensified for potential conflict against Sans’ forces that ultimately entered peacefully due to conciliatory intentions.