Etimologías para las ciencias de la salud 5

Introduction to Medical Terminology

Overview of Acronyms and Medical Terms

• The video introduces the subject of etymologies for health sciences, focusing on medical jargon and abbreviations.

• ABC is explained as an acronym for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation, a protocol used to quickly identify and treat life-threatening emergencies.

• ACLS stands for Advanced Cardiac Life Support, which includes standardized techniques for treating severe cardiovascular emergencies like cardiac arrest.

• Basic Life Support (BLS), referred to as EVB in Spanish, involves techniques to manage medical emergencies before professional help arrives.

• Advanced Life Support (AVA) goes beyond BLS and requires highly trained personnel and specialized equipment for critical situations.

Understanding Specific Medical Conditions

• TEP refers to pelvic floor disorders affecting muscles and connective tissues that support pelvic organs; can lead to issues like urinary incontinence or chronic pelvic pain.

• Bypass procedures create new pathways for bodily fluids, avoiding obstructions or damaged areas within the body.

Diagnostic Procedures Explained

Key Diagnostic Techniques

• DX denotes medical diagnosis—the process by which healthcare professionals identify diseases based on symptoms, clinical history, and test results.

• EEG (electroencephalogram) records brain electrical activity through electrodes on the scalp; useful in diagnosing neurological conditions such as seizures or sleep disorders.

• EKG (electrocardiogram) measures heart's electrical activity; crucial for assessing cardiovascular health.

Important Health Indicators

• FC indicates heart rate—an essential measure of cardiovascular health that varies with age and physical activity levels.

• FR represents respiratory rate—the number of breaths per minute; vital sign important in evaluating respiratory health.

Common Medical Abbreviations

Additional Abbreviations Defined

• FX stands for fracture—a break in a bone caused by trauma or certain diseases weakening bones.

• RO means acute urinary retention—an urgent condition where one cannot urinate despite a full bladder; often painful and common among older men.

Imaging Techniques in Medicine

Imaging Modalities Overview

• RM refers to magnetic resonance imaging—a technique using magnetic fields to create detailed images of internal organs and tissues for diagnostic purposes.

• RX signifies radiography (X-rays)—a method utilizing X-rays to visualize internal structures primarily focusing on bones.

This structured summary provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts discussed in the transcript while maintaining clarity through organized headings and bullet points linked with timestamps.

Medical Abbreviations and Their Meanings

Understanding Internal Body Imaging

• Detailed internal body images, known as cuts, allow doctors to visualize organs, bones, and soft tissues in various planes for disease diagnosis and treatment planning.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

• TCE stands for traumatic cranial injury, which is an external force-induced injury to the skull, scalp, or brain. It can range from mild to severe and is often classified based on the patient's level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Treatment Interventions

• TX refers to treatment or therapy involving medical interventions aimed at curing, alleviating, or preventing diseases or conditions in patients.

Nursing Care Essentials

• CGE denotes general nursing care actions performed by nursing staff to maintain or restore patient health through observation, evaluation, treatment, and emotional support.

Vital Signs Monitoring

• SVT means vital signs per shift; it involves periodic measurement and recording of vital signs such as temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure during each medical care shift (typically every 6 to 12 hours).

Urgency in Medical Actions

Immediate Action Indicators

• STA is derived from the Latin word "stat," indicating that a medical action must be taken urgently within 30 minutes due to critical situations requiring priority attention.

Routes of Medication Administration

• VO indicates oral administration of medication prescribed by a doctor for ingestion by mouth.

• IV refers to intravenous administration where medications are delivered directly into the bloodstream via a vein for rapid effect.

• IM signifies intramuscular injection used for medications needing quick absorption into the bloodstream.

• C denotes subcutaneous administration beneath the skin's surface.

• IR indicates intrarectal administration used for local treatments or bowel preparation before procedures.

Obstetric Terms Explained

Pregnancy Complications

• A refers to abortions—interruptions of pregnancy before fetal viability—which can be spontaneous (natural) or induced (provoked).

• AA signifies threatened abortion characterized by vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy with a closed cervix.

Surgical Procedures Related to Childbirth

• C represents cesarean sections—surgeries performed through abdominal incisions to deliver babies.

Cancer References in Medicine

• Ca refers broadly to cancer while CCU specifically denotes cervical cancer originating from cells in the cervix—a significant gynecological condition.

Labor and Delivery Terminology

Uterine Contractions

• CUTTP stands for uterine contractions necessary during labor for childbirth.

Delivery Complications

• DCP means cephalopelvic disproportion—a condition where a baby's head is too large relative to the mother's pelvis potentially complicating vaginal delivery often necessitating cesarean section.

Contraceptive Devices

• The term "DIU" refers to an intrauterine device—a small T-shaped contraceptive inserted into the uterus.

Placental Issues

• DPPNI stands for premature placental abruption—a serious obstetric complication when the placenta detaches from the uterus before birth.

Fetal Monitoring Metrics

Heart Rate Tracking

• FCF indicates fetal heart rate—the number of beats per minute of a developing baby’s heart typically ranging between 110 and 160 bpm during gestation.

Important Dates in Reproductive Health

• FUA marks the date of last abortion relevant for reproductive history tracking.

• FUC signifies last cesarean date important for future pregnancies or surgical considerations.

• FM represents last menstrual period date used as a reference point in calculating gestational age.

Gestational Age and Key Obstetric Terms

Understanding Gestational Age and Related Concepts

• Gestational Age: Refers to the duration of pregnancy and the estimated due date. The Last Menstrual Period (FUP) is crucial for tracking pregnancy progress.

• Obstetric History: The term "gestations" indicates the number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of outcomes, including current pregnancies.

• Uterine Bleeding: "HUD" stands for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, which is abnormal bleeding not caused by structural issues or systemic diseases.

• Sexual Activity Onset: "IVSA" refers to the initiation of sexual activity, significant in studies on sexual health as early onset can lead to increased risks like STIs or unwanted pregnancies.

• Uterine Curettage: "Lui" denotes an instrumental uterine curettage procedure used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes involving scraping the uterine lining.

Family Planning and Pregnancy Outcomes

• Family Planning Methods: The term "MPF" encompasses various techniques for controlling reproduction, allowing individuals to decide on family size and timing through contraceptives and education.

• Parity Definition: In medical terms, "P" refers to parity, indicating how many pregnancies have reached full term. It also relates to labor processes culminating in childbirth.

• Longitudinal Positioning: "SL" describes fetal orientation relative to the mother; a longitudinal position means alignment with either head-down (cephalic presentation) or feet-down (breech presentation), common at pregnancy's end.