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Types of Research: An Overview

Introduction to Research Types

• The video introduces a tutorial on various types of research, emphasizing that it is part of a two-part series focused on the topic of research.

Classification Based on Purpose

• Research can be classified based on its purpose into two main categories: basic and applied. Basic research focuses on knowledge acquisition, while applied research aims to generate change or action in a specific context.

Classification by Design and Approach

• Research can also be categorized by design (experimental vs. non-experimental) and approach (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed). However, this video will focus specifically on classification according to the scope of the research.

Types of Research According to Scope

• Many authors classify research into four types based on scope: exploratory, descriptive, correlational, and explanatory. Hernández Sampieri suggests these are more accurately described as scopes rather than distinct types.

Exploratory Research

• The first type discussed is exploratory research, which occurs when there is little prior study on a subject. It involves observing an object of study to identify its unique characteristics.

• This type gathers information about poorly understood problems and serves as a foundational step for further investigation.

• Exploratory studies help establish priorities within the object of study but carry risks such as potentially overlooking important elements due to their broad nature.

Descriptive Research

• The second type is descriptive research where the researcher aims not just to observe but also describe the object being studied in detail.

• This involves identifying specific characteristics and traits while maintaining precision in description; thus reducing error risk compared to exploratory studies.

Correlational Research

• The third type is correlational research which goes beyond description by identifying relationships between variables within the object of study.

• For example, it may analyze how different evaluation styles impact student performance over time. However, caution must be taken as false correlations can arise from improper analysis.

Explanatory Research

• Finally, explanatory research seeks to explain phenomena rather than merely relate variables.

• At this stage, researchers have already described their subjects and established relationships; now they aim to uncover underlying causes behind observed phenomena.

Types of Research and Their Importance

Understanding Research Types

• The tutorial discusses four types of research, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of relationships between different variables and the reasons behind the study phenomenon.

• Research types are categorized based on their scope: exploratory (basic level), descriptive, correlational, and explanatory. Each type builds upon the previous one in a sequential process.

• Researchers must determine which type of research to conduct—exploratory, descriptive, correlational, or explanatory—starting from a clear problem statement.

Defining the Problem Statement

• A well-defined problem statement is crucial; it outlines what the researcher will investigate and sets objectives for the study.

• Conducting a literature review on the phenomenon under study helps researchers decide whether their approach will be exploratory or descriptive based on existing studies.

Approaching New Phenomena

• If studying an unexamined phenomenon, researchers typically adopt an exploratory approach to gather initial insights that can guide future investigations.

• Research serves as a pathway to knowledge construction; it opens numerous possibilities for understanding educational phenomena beyond mere knowledge transmission.

The Role of Research in Education

• Educators are encouraged to integrate research into classroom practices, allowing them to explore phenomena affecting teaching and learning processes actively.

• Investigating classroom dynamics can enhance pedagogical strategies and improve student-teacher interactions.

Conclusion and Future Implications

• The tutorial aims to provide useful insights into research types according to their scope for those beginning their research journey.

• Emphasizing that research is vital for transforming education highlights its role as an ongoing process rather than a finite task.