Balística Forense | Criminalística

Introduction to Forensic Ballistics

Overview of Forensic Ballistics

• The video introduces forensic ballistics, focusing on the application of knowledge, methods, and techniques to investigate phenomena related to firearms.

• It encompasses scientific and technical studies of firearms, ammunition, projectile movement, effects, and direction.

• The aim is to gather evidence that aids in establishing criminal acts through detailed analysis of injuries or deaths caused by projectiles.

Phases of Forensic Ballistics

Internal Ballistics

• Internal ballistics examines all phenomena occurring within a firearm during discharge, including structure and functioning.

• It studies projectile movement from the moment it is fired until it exits the barrel, analyzing factors like gas pressure and friction.

External Ballistics

• External ballistics focuses on the projectile's trajectory after leaving the barrel until it reaches its target.

• Factors affecting this trajectory include gravity, air resistance, wind direction and intensity, as well as obstacles encountered.

Terminal (Effects) Ballistics

• This branch investigates how projectiles behave upon impact with targets—examining deformation and energy transfer.

• Effects can include penetration power, fragmentation damage, explosive reactions upon impact or perforation through barriers.

Detailed Analysis of Forensic Techniques

Identification Techniques

Identificative Ballistics

• Involves identifying firearms based on origin (brand/model/caliber), using collected ballistic elements from crime scenes.

Comparative Ballistics

• This technique employs microscopic comparison between questioned items (e.g., casings/bullets) to determine if they were fired from the same weapon.

Reconstructive Studies

• Reconstructive ballistics integrates findings from various forensic disciplines (chemistry/forensics/criminal fieldwork).