Irrigación de Miembro Superior.

Introduction

The presenters introduce themselves as Julieta Fossati, Grisel Villa, Laura Pelaccini, and Nicole Corn. They are assistant teachers in the Anatomy department of the Faculty of Medicine at UBA. They will be discussing the irrigation of the upper limb.

Arteries of the Upper Limb

• The axillary artery is a terminal branch of the subclavian artery.

• It originates at the apex of the axilla and continues as the brachial artery.

• The axillary artery gives off six important collateral branches:

• Superior thoracic artery

• Acromiothoracic artery

• Lateral thoracic artery

• Subscapular artery

• Posterior humeral circumflex artery

• Anterior humeral circumflex artery

Arteries from Axillary Artery

• The superior thoracic artery arises from the anterior surface of the upper segment of the axillary artery. It supplies muscles and mammary region.

• The acromiothoracic (acromial) artery also arises from the anterior surface above pectoralis minor muscle. It supplies deltoid muscle and acromioclavicular joint.

• The lateral thoracic artery arises from medial side near pectoralis minor muscle. It supplies pectoral muscles, serratus anterior, lymph nodes, mammary gland, and skin.

• The subscapular artery is a major collateral branch arising near inferior border of subscapularis muscle. It divides into two terminal branches: thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular arteries.

• The posterior humeral circumflex artery arises from posterior aspect at same level as subscapularis muscle. It accompanies axillary nerve through quadrangular space to supply surrounding muscles.

• The anterior humeral circumflex artery arises from lateral aspect just anterior to posterior humeral circumflex artery. It supplies deltoid muscle and anastomoses with posterior humeral circumflex artery.

Brachial Artery

• The axillary artery continues as the brachial artery.

• It descends along the medial aspect of the arm and terminates at the elbow, dividing into radial and ulnar arteries.

• The brachial artery is closely related to various structures, including the median nerve.

Branches of Brachial Artery

• The nutrient artery of the humerus enters through the nutrient foramen to supply blood to the bone.

• The deep brachial (profunda brachii) artery arises from upper part of medial side of humerus. It supplies muscles in region.

• The superior ulnar collateral artery arises from brachial artery above elbow joint. It anastomoses with inferior ulnar collateral artery.

• The inferior ulnar collateral artery arises from brachial artery below elbow joint. It anastomoses with superior ulnar collateral artery.

• Numerous muscular branches arise from the brachial artery.

Conclusion

The presenters conclude their discussion on the irrigation of the upper limb by summarizing key points about the axillary and brachial arteries.

Key Points

• The axillary artery gives off several important collateral branches that supply different regions of the upper limb.

• The brachial artery continues from the axillary artery and provides blood supply to various structures in the arm.

• Branches of both arteries play a crucial role in supplying blood to muscles, joints, bones, and other tissues in the upper limb.

This summary focuses on providing a concise overview of key points discussed in relation to arterial irrigation of the upper limb.

Collateral Radial Artery and Red Automática del Codo

This section discusses the collateral radial artery and its contribution to the formation of the red automática del codo, which irrigates the elbow joint.

Collateral Radial Artery

• The collateral radial artery descends in front of the epicondyle in the lateral groove.

• It terminates by anastomosing with the radial recurrent artery, a branch of the radial artery.

• The collateral radial artery contributes to the formation of the red automática del codo.

Red Automática del Codo

• The red automática del codo is a network of arteries that irrigates the elbow joint.

• It is formed by two arterial circles, known as periódicos ni los medial and lateral, which surround each epicondyle of the humerus.

• The periódico emilio medial is formed by anastomosis between branches of the collateral cubital inferior and recurrent cubital arteries.

• The periódico emilio lateral is formed by branches of the collateral radial and recurrent interosseous arteries.

• Both circles are connected by transverse anastomoses, including the supraolecraneal anastomosis on the posterior aspect.

Other Collateral Arteries and Periosteal Irrigation

This section discusses other collateral arteries and their contribution to periosteal irrigation.

Other Collateral Arteries

• The collateral medial artery descends behind the epicondyle and anastomoses with branches from the recurrent interosseous artery.

• The superior cubital collateral artery originates from the medial side of brachial artery below deep brachial artery. It crosses over deep brachial artery through intermuscular septum to reach the medial epicondyle.

• The inferior cubital collateral artery originates from the medial side of brachial artery above elbow crease. It divides into anterior and posterior branches that pass in front and behind the epicondyle, respectively.

Periosteal Irrigation

• Both superior and inferior cubital collateral arteries contribute to periosteal irrigation.

• The lateral aspect of the brachial artery gives rise to numerous branches that irrigate muscles such as deltoid, brachialis, and coracobrachialis.

Anastomoses and Supraolecraneal Anastomosis

This section discusses anastomoses between different arterial branches, including the supraolecraneal anastomosis.

Anastomoses

• The medial and lateral periódicos ni los are connected by transverse anastomoses on both anterior and posterior aspects.

• One of the most significant transverse anastomoses is the supraolecraneal anastomosis on the posterior aspect.

• The supraolecraneal anastomosis usually arises from the inferior cubital collateral artery and extends transversely above the olecranon to join with the posterior arch of periódico emilio lateral.

Radial Artery

This section focuses on the radial artery and its course in the forearm.

Radial Artery Course

• The radial artery is a branch of bifurcation lateral of brachial artery.

• It descends obliquely towards laterally along the anterior aspect of forearm until reaching wrist level.

• In its course, it closely relates to brachioradialis muscle in upper two-thirds of forearm before becoming lateral to it.

• Together with flexor carpi radialis muscle, it forms the pulse canal, an important clinical landmark.

• At the wrist, the radial artery changes its course and heads towards the dorsal region, passing through the anatomical snuffbox.

• It then traverses the first interosseous space before returning to the palmar region.

Collateral Branches of Radial Artery

This section discusses collateral branches of the radial artery in the forearm.

Collateral Branches

• The radial artery gives off several collateral branches to irrigate tissues in the region.

• These include:

• Radial recurrent artery: Arises from the upper part of radial artery and ascends in lateral groove to anastomose with anterior branch of deep brachial artery.

• Palmar carpal branch: Originates near wrist level where radial artery wraps around it. Descends on palmar aspect of hand, crossing thenar eminence between short abductor muscle insertions.

• Superficial palmar branch: Arises at wrist level where radial artery surrounds it. Descends on palmar aspect of hand, crossing hypothenar eminence through abductor digiti minimi muscle insertions.

• Princeps pollicis artery: Main arterial supply to thumb.

• Dorsal carpal branch: Supplies dorsal aspect of carpus (wrist).

• Dorsal metacarpal arteries: Supply dorsal aspect of metacarpals.

• Muscular branches: Provide irrigation to forearm muscles.

Collateral Branches Continued

This section continues discussing collateral branches of the radial artery in the forearm.

Collateral Branches Continued

• The recurrent radial artery gives off numerous branches for muscles in lateral compartment of forearm.

• The palmar carpal branch originates near wrist level and crosses transversely towards medial side to anastomose with a similar branch from the ulnar artery.

• The superficial palmar branch arises at wrist level and continues descending on palmar aspect of hand, crossing thenar eminence through insertions of short abductor muscle.

• Both superior and inferior cubital collateral arteries also contribute branches for periosteal irrigation.

• The lateral aspect of brachial artery gives rise to multiple branches that irrigate deltoid, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles.

Conclusion

This section concludes the discussion on collateral branches of the radial artery in the forearm.

Conclusion

• Collateral branches of the radial artery provide irrigation to various tissues in the forearm region.

• These branches include recurrent radial artery, palmar carpal branch, superficial palmar branch, princeps pollicis artery, dorsal carpal branch, dorsal met

Anatomy of the Thumb Artery

This section provides an overview of the anatomy of the thumb artery, including its branches and their distribution.

Thumb Artery Branches

• The proximal phalanx of the thumb is divided into periodic cutaneous and bony branches.

• The dorsal branch of the carpal artery originates from the anatomical snuffbox and runs transversely towards the medial side.

• The cubital artery forms the dorsal arch, giving rise to the dorsal medial digital artery (for the thumb) and dorsal lateral digital artery (for the index finger).

Muscular Branches

• Muscular branches supply muscles in the lateral compartment of the forearm, including flexor carpi radialis, longus pollicis brevis, flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

• The radial artery terminates in the deep palm region by anastomosing with a palmar branch from the ulnar artery.

Anatomy of Ulnar Artery

This section focuses on describing the anatomy of the ulnar artery in detail.

Course and Relations

• The ulnar artery is a medial branch originating from the brachial artery.

• It descends along the medial aspect of the anterior forearm closely associated with both ulnar nerve and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

• At wrist level, it accompanies these structures through Guyon's canal until reaching palmar region.

Collateral Branches

• The ulnar artery gives off several collateral branches to supply tissues in its region.

• These include recurrent ulnar artery, common interosseous artery, dorsal carpal branch, palmar carpal branch, deep palmar branch for deep palmar arch, and numerous muscular branches.

Anatomy of Interosseous Arteries

This section discusses the anatomy of the common interosseous arteries and their branches.

Common Interosseous Artery

• The common interosseous artery originates from the upper part of the ulnar artery.

• It descends towards the forearm's interosseous membrane and divides into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

Anterior Interosseous Artery

• The anterior interosseous artery descends anteriorly between muscles in the third compartment.

• It provides branches to muscles in the anterior compartment and perforates the interosseous membrane to supply muscles in both compartments.

Posterior Interosseous Artery

• The posterior interosseous artery descends posteriorly between two muscle planes.

• It runs parallel to the ulnar nerve and gives off branches to muscles in its region, including a small branch accompanying the median nerve.

Dorsal Arch Formation

This section explains how the dorsal arch is formed by anastomosis between radial and ulnar arteries.

Dorsal Arch Formation

• The dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery arises superiorly to the head of ulna, encircling it medially.

• It joins with its contralateral counterpart from radial artery, forming a complete dorsal arch.

• The palmar carpal branch arises near pisiform bone, providing branches for muscles in that region.

Deep Palmar Arch Formation

This section describes how the deep palmar arch is formed by contributions from different arteries.

Deep Palmar Arch Formation

• The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery arises inferiorly to the pisiform bone and runs deep in the hypothenar eminence, supplying muscles in that region.

• It anastomoses with the terminal branch of the radial artery, forming the deep palmar arch.

• The arch gives off muscular branches and penetrates through muscles to reach tendons.

Hand Vascularization Overview

This section provides an overview of hand vascularization involving superficial and deep palmar arches, as well as their branches.

Hand Vascularization

• Hand vascularization involves three main arterial arches: superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch, and dorsal arch.

• These arches are interconnected by various branches originating from them.

• The superficial palmar arch is formed by anastomosis between superficial branches of radial and ulnar arteries.

New Section

This section discusses the arterial supply to the elbow joint and surrounding muscles in Spanish.

Arterial Supply to the Elbow Joint

• The common palmar digital arteries arise from the lateral epicondyle and contribute to the formation of the automatic network of the elbow joint.

• The posterior branch is called the medial collateral artery, which descends behind the epicondyle and anastomoses with the recurrent interosseous artery.

• The deep brachial artery gives off branches for periosteum and bone, including the superior ulnar collateral artery.

• The inferior ulnar collateral artery arises above the elbow joint and divides into anterior and posterior branches that contribute to elbow irrigation.

• The radial collateral artery supplies blood to adjacent muscles, including triceps.

New Section

This section explains how a network of arteries surrounds and irrigates the elbow joint in Spanish.

Automatic Network of Elbow Joint

• Branches from both radial and ulnar arteries form a network around the elbow joint.

• Two arterial circles, known as medial and lateral periarticular circles, surround each epicondyle of humerus.

• The medial periarticular circle is formed by anastomosis between inferior ulnar collateral artery (anterior branch) and recurrent ulnar artery (anterior branch).

• The lateral periarticular circle is formed by radial collateral artery (a branch of deep brachial artery) and recurrent interosseous artery (a branch of deep brachial artery).

• Transverse anastomoses connect both medial and lateral circles.

New Section

This section describes additional arterial connections around the elbow joint in Spanish.

Additional Arterial Connections

• Supracondylar anastomosis is a significant transverse anastomosis located on the posterior aspect, connecting the inferior ulnar collateral artery with the posterior arch of lateral periarticular circle.

• The radial and ulnar arteries continue into the forearm to supply remaining segments of the upper limb.

• The radial artery descends along the anterior aspect of the forearm, passing through anatomical snuffbox and then traversing the first interosseous space before reaching the palm.

• Along its course, the radial artery gives off various branches for tissue irrigation in the region.

New Section

This section discusses arterial branches from the radial artery that supply tissues in Spanish.

Arterial Branches from Radial Artery

• The recurrent radial artery arises from the upper part of the radial artery and ascends laterally before anastomosing with anterior branch of deep brachial artery.

• It provides branches for muscles in the lateral compartment of forearm.

• The palmar branch of carpal arises near wrist level and crosses over to reach dorsal region where it supplies tissues.

• Other branches include superficial palmar branch, principal thumb artery, dorsal carpal branch, dorsal metacarpal arteries, and multiple muscular branches.

Please note that these summaries are based on a partial transcript.

Anatomy of the Thumb Artery

This section provides an overview of the anatomy of the thumb artery, including its branches and their distribution.

Anatomy of the Thumb Artery

• The proximal phalanx of the thumb is divided into periodic cutaneous and osseous branches.

• The dorsal branch of the carpal arch originates from the anatomical snuffbox and runs transversely towards the medial side.

• The ulnar collateral artery forms the dorsal arch along with a similar branch from the radial artery.

• Muscular branches supply muscles in the lateral compartment of the forearm, including flexor carpi radialis, longus pollicis, and extensors.

• The radial artery terminates in the deep palmar plane by joining with a branch from the ulnar artery to form the deep palmar arch.

Branches of Thumb Artery

This section discusses the branches that arise from the thumb artery and their distribution.

Branches of Thumb Artery

• The cubital artery is a medial bifurcation branch of the brachial artery. It descends along the medial aspect of the anterior forearm.

• It closely relates to both ulnar nerve and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

• In its course, it covers both structures initially but then becomes medial to them at lower forearm level near wrist (carpal region).

• The cubital artery continues accompanied by nerves and satellite veins through cubital canal until it reaches palm region.

• Numerous collateral branches arise from cubital artery to supply tissues in this region.

Deep Palmar Arch

This section explains how deep palmar arch is formed by arterial anastomosis.

Deep Palmar Arch

• The cubital artery terminates in the deep palmar arch, which is formed by anastomosis with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery.

• Along with the superficial palmar arch and dorsal arch, these three arterial networks provide blood supply to the hand.

Course of Cubital Artery

This section describes the course of the cubital artery along with its relation to other structures.

Course of Cubital Artery

• The cubital artery descends medially from its origin as a bifurcation branch of the brachial artery.

• It closely relates to both ulnar nerve and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

• In its course, it covers both structures initially but then becomes medial to them at lower forearm level near wrist (carpal region).

• The cubital artery continues accompanied by nerves and satellite veins through cubital canal until it reaches palm region.

Collateral Branches of Cubital Artery

This section discusses various collateral branches that arise from the cubital artery.

Collateral Branches of Cubital Artery

• The cubital artery gives rise to several collateral branches for tissue irrigation in the region.

• These include recurrent ulnar artery, common interosseous artery, dorsal carpal branch, palmar carpal branch, deep palmar branch, and numerous muscular branches.

• The recurrent ulnar artery ascends between pronator teres and biceps brachii muscles, supplying fine branches to these muscles and anastomosing with anterior col-lateral ulnar arteries.

• The common interosseous artery originates near the origin of the cubital artery. It descends inferiorly before dividing into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

• The anterior interosseous artery descends anteriorly, passing through the membrane between muscles of the third plane and supplying them. It also gives off branches that perforate the interosseous membrane to supply muscles in the anterior compartment.

Course of Interosseous Arteries

This section explains the course and distribution of the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

Course of Interosseous Arteries

• The anterior interosseous artery descends anteriorly, passing through the membrane between muscles of the third plane. It then passes deep to pronator quadratus muscle, traverses the interosseous membrane, anastomoses with ascending branches of dorsal arch.

• Numerous branches arise from it to supply muscles in the anterior compartment.

• The posterior interosseous artery descends posteriorly behind the interosseous membrane. It is located between two muscular planes in this compartment.

• Near its origin, it accompanies median nerve and gives off a small branch called "artery of median nerve."

• The posterior interosseous artery provides blood supply to muscles in this compartment and sends branches towards lateral epicondyle region.

Dorsal Arch Formation

This section describes how the dorsal arch is formed by arterial anastomosis.

Dorsal Arch Formation

• The dorsal carpal branch arises superior to ulnar head at medial side of wrist (carpal region). It surrounds ulna medially before reaching dorsal aspect of carpus where it anastomoses with contralateral branch from radial artery to form dorsal arch.

• Palmaris brevis branch originates near wrist edge inferior to pisiform bone. It runs deep into hypothenar eminence, supplying muscles in the region and anastomosing with terminal branch of radial artery to form deep palmar arch.

Conclusion

This section concludes the discussion on thumb artery anatomy and its branches.

Conclusion

• The cubital artery terminates by joining with the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery, forming the superficial palmar arch.

• The hand's blood supply involves three arterial networks: superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch, and dorsal arch. These networks provide irrigation to various tissues in the hand.

Desarrollo de la irrigación en la mano

Esta sección del video se centra en el desarrollo de la irrigación en la mano y cómo diferentes arterias proporcionan sangre a los músculos y estructuras de la mano.

Arterias palmares comunes

• Las cinco arterias digitales palmares comunes son importantes para la irrigación de los dedos en la mano.

Irrigación del compartimiento lateral

• El compartimiento lateral de la mano recibe irrigación principalmente a través de la rama interósea anterior, que proporciona sangre a varios músculos, incluyendo el músculo flexor profundo de los dedos, el pronador cuadrado y las fibras más mediales del flexor largo del pulgar.

• La arteria radial también contribuye a la irrigación de los músculos del compartimiento lateral, especialmente en su inserción proximal cerca del codo.

• Destaca la importancia de la arteria radial aquí, ya que tiene una inserción superior en el húmero y también recibe irrigación de las ramas interóseas posterior y recurrentes.

Irrigación del compartimiento posterior

• Los músculos del compartimiento posterior reciben irrigación principalmente a través de la arteria cubital.

• Sin embargo, el músculo anconeus está regado por una rama recurrente interósea.

• Algunos otros músculos pueden recibir irrigación adicional de las ramas interóseas anterior o posterior.

Irrigación de los músculos y estructuras específicas

• Los músculos de las eminencias tenar y hipotenar en la mano reciben irrigación de las ramas palmares superficiales de la arteria radial, así como del arco palmar profundo.

• Los músculos lumbricales y los interóseos palmares y dorsales son irrigados por el arco palmar profundo y el arco dorsal.

• Las articulaciones de la muñeca y de la mano también son irrigadas por las arterias radial y cubital a través de las ramas interóseas.

The summary has been provided in English as per the given instructions.