Aprendé a invertir desde cero

Name: Aprendé a invertir desde cero
Uploaded: 2025-11-30T22:01:08.000Z
Duration: 1 h 2 s

Introduction to Investing Basics

Understanding the Purpose of This Chapter

This chapter is designed for individuals who are new to investing and finance, providing essential concepts needed to start investing.

The aim is to equip listeners with practical tools for purchasing their first stock, bond, or mutual fund.

It also serves as a refresher for those who have already begun investing but want to revisit fundamental concepts like investment storage and advisor evaluation.

Educational Intent

The content is purely educational and does not constitute financial advice or recommendations for specific financial instruments.

The team behind this podcast emphasizes inclusivity in financial education, aiming to cover foundational topics before the year's end.

Setting Up Your Investment Account

Importance of a Committing Account

To invest formally in capital markets, one must open a "cuenta comitente," an investment account necessary across global markets.

These accounts can be opened through ALIC (Agentes de Liquidación y Compensación) or brokers, which facilitate buying and selling financial assets.

Role of Brokers

Brokers have evolved from physical traders on the floor to digital platforms that allow online trading of securities.

In Argentina, these brokers are regulated by the Comisión Nacional de Valores (CNB), ensuring compliance and security in transactions.

Choosing the Right Broker

Verification of Regulation

It's crucial to verify if a broker is regulated by checking the CNB's website for a list of authorized ALIC entities in Argentina.

When using bank services for investments via home banking, users are indirectly engaging with licensed brokers since banks must acquire brokerage licenses to offer investment options.

Understanding Investment Goals

Defining Your Objectives

Before starting investments, it's important to clarify your objectives—whether saving for retirement or planning short-term purchases like a car renovation fund.

Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) helps create clear targets rather than vague aspirations like becoming wealthy without specifics on how or when it will happen.

Investment Basics and Risk Assessment

Understanding Investment Goals and Timeframes

Each investment goal is associated with a specific timeframe; for example, changing a car in two years requires different investments than planning for retirement.

During the account creation process, investors will be asked questions to determine their risk profile, which is crucial for making informed investment decisions.

Risk Tolerance and Investor Profiles

Individuals have varying levels of risk aversion; some may handle short-term losses better than others, impacting their investment choices.

It's essential to self-assess your emotional response to market fluctuations to understand your investor profile better.

Differentiating Between Saving and Investing

A clear distinction exists between saving (accumulating funds) and investing (risking capital for potential returns); understanding this difference is vital.

All investments carry some level of risk; recognizing this can help avoid scams that promise guaranteed returns.

Emergency Fund Preparation

Before investing, it's recommended to establish an emergency fund covering at least three months' worth of expenses.

To create an emergency fund, review recent spending habits through bank statements or digital wallets.

Navigating the Investment Landscape

Introduction to Brokers and Asset Management

Investors must understand that brokers act as intermediaries; assets are stored in a central depository known as "caja de valores."

Regularly checking the "caja de valores" ensures that all purchased assets are accurately recorded under the investor's name.

Types of Investment Instruments

There are two main categories of investment instruments: fixed income (renta fija) and variable income (renta variable).

Fixed-income instruments provide predictable returns by specifying gains upon maturity, similar to traditional savings accounts.

Understanding Fixed and Variable Income Instruments

Characteristics of Fixed Income Instruments

Fixed income instruments are recommended for risk-averse profiles, providing predictable returns if held until maturity.

These instruments come with a prospectus detailing conditions such as interest rates, which can be fixed or tied to variables like inflation.

Overview of Variable Income Instruments

Variable income instruments can fluctuate in value; their performance is uncertain from one day to the next.

Within variable income, there are varying levels of risk; investing in established companies (e.g., Google, Coca-Cola) is generally less risky than startups.

Investment Process and Account Funding

To start investing, funds must be transferred from an account in the investor's name to their brokerage account.

This ensures that all transactions are formalized and traceable back to legitimate sources of income.

Types of Financial Instruments Available

Various financial instruments include CDAs (Argentine deposit certificates), stocks (local companies), bonds (public sector debt), and negotiable obligations (corporate debt).

Specific Instrument Details

CDRs allow investment in foreign companies without needing a U.S. account; they represent variable income.

Bonds are public sector debts while negotiable obligations pertain to corporate debts; both types can be issued in pesos or dollars.

Short-Term Debt Instruments

Letters represent short-term public debt with known payment terms, typically maturing within a year.

Cauciones function similarly to short-term loans where investors can lend or borrow money against collateral.

Common Investment Funds

Common investment funds pool resources for various objectives and have management fees but relieve investors from making individual investment decisions.

By understanding these key concepts about fixed and variable income instruments, potential investors can make informed decisions tailored to their risk tolerance and investment goals.

Investment Fundamentals

Understanding Investment Horizons

The importance of investment horizons is emphasized, suggesting that investments should be categorized into short-term, medium-term, and long-term based on individual goals.

For new investors, it is recommended to consider a minimum investment horizon of two to three years for variable income instruments; shorter durations should focus on fixed-income or liquid mutual funds.

Liquidity in Investments

Liquidity is defined as the ease with which an investment can be converted into cash. Real estate is less liquid compared to mutual funds, which can provide quick access to cash.

The relationship between liquidity and returns is highlighted; typically, shorter lending periods yield lower returns compared to longer ones.

Diversification Strategies

Diversification is crucial in finance; it's not just about spreading investments across different assets but also sectors and currencies (e.g., pesos, dollars, cryptocurrencies).

A well-diversified portfolio protects against sector-specific downturns by ensuring that poor performance in one area does not significantly impact overall returns.

Costs and Commissions in Investing

Investors should be aware of costs associated with brokerage accounts; having multiple accounts can be free, but transaction commissions vary by instrument type.

It's important for consumers to compare broker fees as they can differ significantly between mutual funds and stocks.

Evaluating Financial Advisors

Good financial advisors focus on making fewer but more impactful decisions rather than encouraging constant trading due to commission incentives.

Indicators of a bad advisor include promises of guaranteed profits and lack of transparency regarding risks and costs. A good advisor will ask questions about your goals and risk tolerance.

Practical Application: Using Investment Platforms

When using investment applications like Cocos, understanding stock tickers (abbreviated names for companies) helps investors navigate their options effectively.

The example given illustrates how affordable it is to invest in shares of companies like Banco Galicia, reinforcing the idea that practical experience enhances learning in investing.

How to Start Investing in Stocks

Understanding Stock Purchases

The speaker discusses the importance of financial education and suggests investing in a course that combines free financial education with practical stock purchasing.

Two methods for buying stocks are introduced: market price and limit price. The Argentine market operates from 10:30 AM to 5 PM, which is crucial for trading.

When buying at market price, the purchase occurs at the current market rate (e.g., if it's 7,300 ARS, that's the purchase price).

A limit order allows investors to set a specific price they are willing to pay; if the stock reaches that price, the order executes.

An example illustrates setting a limit order at 7,200 ARS instead of buying immediately at 7,300 ARS.

Fixed Income Instruments

The discussion shifts to fixed income instruments like bonds (referred to as "letras"), explaining their maturity date and how they can also be purchased at market or limit prices.

The yield on these fixed-income investments is determined when purchased and remains until maturity (e.g., February 27, 2026).

Investment Strategies

Investors should establish performance benchmarks before entering variable income instruments like stocks; for instance, aiming for a 10% annual return in dollars.

This benchmark helps investors decide whether to sell for profit or hold onto their investment longer based on performance.

Portfolio Management

It's essential for investors to monitor their portfolios actively through brokers and personal tracking tools like Excel spreadsheets.

Key takeaway: Investing isn't just for experts but requires organization and goal-setting. Understanding basic concepts is vital.

Conclusion on Investment Mindset

Successful investing involves making informed decisions today rather than guessing future outcomes; it’s about building long-term wealth strategically.

Financial freedom comes from better decision-making rather than merely increasing income; starting early enhances potential benefits.