La caída del gobierno de Narváez 1846

Desarrollo del Primer Gobierno de Narváez

In this section, the discussion revolves around the first government of Narváez during the moderate decade. Key topics include reforms related to relations with Rome, commercial agreements with Hispanic America, and educational reforms led by José Pidal.

Restoring Relations with Rome

• Measures taken to favor conversations with Rome included suppressing sales of secular clergy assets from desamortización without refunding money.

• Modifications to the Constitution of 1837 were made, designating Catholicism as the official religion and granting special rights to the Church.

Agreements with Rome and Conditions

• The government ordered the return of expropriated but unsold assets by desamortización in April 1845.

• Rome set seven conditions for negotiations, including non-negotiable terms like priests not swearing allegiance to the constitution.

Commercial Agreements and Educational Reforms

This part covers commercial relationships with Pan-America and educational reforms initiated during Narváez's government.

Commercial Agreements with Hispanic America

• New treaties were established with Chile and Venezuela in 1845 under a law on customs requirements favoring Hispanic American nations.

• Stringent criteria were set for ships to qualify as Hispanic American, aiming to prevent exploitation by England and the USA.

Educational Reform by José Pidal

• Background information on José Pidal's political career leading up to his role in education reform is provided.

Spanish Education Reform of 1857

The transcript discusses the Spanish Education Reform of 1857, covering changes in different levels of education and the impact on various stakeholders.

Changes in Different Levels of Education

• Modifications in the second level of education included:

• Obligation to have an institute per province funded by the diputación.

• Two levels within the second teaching: elementary education (5 years) leading to a bachelor's degree and further studies (2 years) resulting in a philosophy degree.

• Third-level education modifications:

• Appointment changes: rectors directly appointed by the king, deans proposed by rector.

University Teaching Structure

• University teaching structure included two types of professors:

• Regente de cátedra selected through competition.

• Cátedra en propiedad required candidates to go through three exercises including topic exposition and answering questions.

• Only the University of Madrid could grant doctoral degrees under this law, which was effective for about seven years until annulled in 1852 after signing the Concordat of 1851.

Political Turmoil and Exile Decisions

This section delves into political events surrounding Carlos María Isidro and his son Carlos Luis de Borbón, leading to exile decisions and subsequent actions.

Political Events Involving Carlos María Isidro

• After failed negotiations for uniting dynasties, Carlos María Isidro proposed marriage between his son Carlos Luis de Borbón and Isabel II, supported internationally but rejected locally due to public opinion concerns.

• Following rejection, Carlos María Isidro moved to Trieste as Count of Molina for ten years before passing away in 1855.

Governmental Disputes and Resignation

• Narváez's government fell due to disputes with Maria Christina over potential suitors for Queen Isabel II. Narváez supported Francisco de Paula de Borbón-Dos Sicilias while Maria Christina favored Ernesto de Sajonia Coburgo, causing rifts nationally and internationally.

Marqués de Miraflores: Political Career Overview

This section delves into the political career of Marqués de Miraflores, highlighting key appointments, challenges faced, and significant decisions made during his time in various governmental roles.

Early Political Roles and Senatorial Appointments

• : Elected as a senator for Ciudad Real after returning to Spain from Paris.

• : Appointed as a senator for life in 1845, holding the position through multiple legislatures.

Presidency and Ministerial Positions

• : Served as President of the Senate and later assumed the role of President of the Council of Ministers after Narváez's government fell in 1846.

• : Repeatedly held ministerial positions, including during Bravo Murillo's government in 1851 and replacing O'Donnell in 1863.

Challenges Faced and Resignation

• : Despite support from Cortes and the press, faced opposition from María Cristina's circle which influenced Queen Isabel II.

• : Resigned due to frustrations with delays in royal project approvals; Narváez succeeded him but implemented an authoritarian policy.

Electoral Reforms and Abrupt Departure

• : Introduced restrictive electoral laws aiming to reduce voter manipulation by limiting electors to those deemed intellectually and politically prepared.

• : Changed electoral system from provincial to district-based, with each district electing one deputy per approximately 35,000 inhabitants.

Short-lived Second Government and Departure