Tipos de Especiación SIMPATRICA, ALOPATRICA Y PARAPATRICA

What is Speciation and its Types?

In this section, the speaker introduces the concept of speciation, discussing the different types of speciation and providing examples for each type.

Evolutionary Processes Leading to Speciation

• Evolutionary phil etic: Originates when a species gives rise to a new species over long periods, gradually diverging from the original ancestor.

• Secondary evolution: Involves two different but related species producing hybrids that lead to a new species, more common in plants due to sterility in animal hybrids.

• Primary evolution: Occurs as a species adapts to various environments over time, resulting in new species and contributing to the planet's biodiversity.

Types of Speciation

• Sympatric speciation: Takes place within the same geographic area, exemplified by cichlid fish in Lake Victoria evolving into over 700 species from a common ancestor.

• Allopatric speciation: Arises from geographical barriers separating populations, such as squirrels in the Grand Canyon splitting into isolated groups due to canyon expansion.

• Parapatric speciation: Similar to allopatric but without geographical barriers; individuals within a population gradually separate due to limited genetic flow, leading to new species formation.

Examples of Speciation in Action