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Mécanique des sols-- Géotechnique- Chapitre 0: Introduction
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Mécanique des sols-- Géotechnique- Chapitre 0: Introduction

Introduction to Civil Engineering Jump Mechanics

Overview of the Module

  • This video series aims to explain how to teach the module on jump mechanics in civil engineering, focusing on various fields such as civil engineering, self-construction conduits, and public works technicians.
  • The module will cover total stability studies of structures, including overturning stability, sliding stability, material crushing resistance, and operational resistance.

Key Concepts of Stability

  • External structure stability relates to overturning and sliding stability while internal stability concerns material crushing resistance. Attention is encouraged for exercises before reviewing corrections.
  • The course includes a comprehensive book available for download that contains exercises, formulas, and complete lessons related to the module's content.

Chapters Breakdown

Chapter 1: Stability Analysis

  • The first chapter focuses on overturning and sliding stability with a general case study approach to verify structural stability through defined methodologies. Definitions of sliding and overturning will be established.

Chapter 2: Application on Simple Structures

  • Practical applications will involve verifying these concepts specifically on retaining walls as simple structures. This chapter sets the groundwork for understanding real-world applications in civil engineering projects.

Chapter 3: Earth Pressure Calculation

  • In this chapter, calculations regarding earth pressure against retaining walls will be conducted using relevant techniques to ensure wall stability during construction processes.

Chapter 4: Material Resistance Verification

  • Focuses on checking material crushing resistance which is crucial for ensuring that walls can withstand applied loads without failure or deformation over time.

Chapter 5: Operational Resistance Assessment

  • This chapter assesses soil resistance under operational conditions ensuring that foundations remain stable throughout their intended use period by evaluating soil behavior under load conditions.

General Applications and Mathematical Foundations

Comprehensive Application Study

  • The sixth chapter serves as a general application of all previous chapters aimed at studying total stability in retaining structures through practical examples involving verification methods discussed earlier in the course.

Importance of Mathematics in Calculations

  • A solid understanding of basic mathematics (first-degree and second-degree equations) is necessary for performing calculations related to structural analysis within this module context; calculators are recommended for ease during computations.

Understanding Soil Mechanics

Definition and Relevance

  • Soil mechanics combines two essential terms—mechanics (force, moment, movement) and soil—which is critical since all constructions rely upon soils as foundational elements supporting structures above them; thus understanding soil properties is vital for engineers working in civil fields.

Phases of Civil Project Realization

Initial Steps in Project Development

  • A question posed about major phases required for executing a civil project leads into discussing initial steps like site preparation (implantation), excavation (terracing), etc., emphasizing planning before actual construction begins; acquiring land also plays a role here but isn't solely sufficient without proper design considerations being made first.

Design Phase Importance

  • The design phase involves creating architectural plans providing an overall view of the project layout including room distribution which must precede any physical work done on-site; it ensures feasibility from both aesthetic and functional perspectives before moving forward with construction activities.

Feasibility Studies

  • Conducting feasibility studies ensures that proposed designs are stable and resilient enough against potential stresses encountered during their lifespan; this step verifies whether constructions can realistically be built according to specified designs without compromising safety or integrity due to inadequate support systems or materials used therein.

Project Study Phase: Stability and Resistance

Key Concepts in Project Planning

  • The main focus of the project study phase is on stability and resistance, which are crucial for ensuring the project's success.
  • After completing the project study, attention shifts to architectural plans followed by execution plans, including detailed drawings like roofing and reinforcement plans.
  • The construction phase involves executing work based on these architectural and execution plans, with multiple construction companies involved in the process.

Technical Study Phase

  • The technical study phase is essential for understanding soil conditions and additional works required for construction.
  • Soil characteristics such as resistance, saturation levels, and proximity to groundwater are examined to ensure suitability for construction.

Structural Calculations

  • Structural calculations are vital to guarantee the stability and resistance of load-bearing elements during construction.
  • Geotechnical works must consider soil characteristics since they directly impact structural integrity.

Geotechnical Engineering: Understanding Soil Mechanics

Definition and Importance

  • Geotechnical engineering encompasses activities related to soil mechanics, essential when constructing on various types of ground (soil or rock).
  • Knowledge of soil history, nature, characteristics, and stratification layers is derived from engineering geology.

Role of Engineering Geology

  • Engineering geology traces Earth's history while detailing material properties and their evolution over time.

Soil Behavior Modeling

  • Soil mechanics studies how soils deform under stress; it models physical behavior concerning deformation and material strength.

Physical vs. Mechanical Characteristics of Soil

Classification of Soil Properties

  • Physical characteristics include aspects like moisture content; mechanical properties involve strength and deformability under loads.

Practical Applications in Construction

  • Understanding both physical (e.g., saturation degree) and mechanical properties (e.g., resistance to deformation) is critical for effective geotechnical analysis.

Geotechnical Structures: Interaction with Soil

Importance of Studying Ground Conditions

  • Geotechnical structures must be designed considering the physical and mechanical properties of the underlying soil to ensure safety and functionality.

Example Application in Construction Sites

  • A practical example illustrates that any construction must account for soil characteristics as it supports foundational loads.

Geotechnical Analysis and Foundation Design

Importance of Soil Analysis in Construction

  • The process begins with taking soil samples for analysis, which informs the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. This data is compiled into a geotechnical report that guides construction projects.
  • Foundations are critical as they are built on the soil; thus, determining their dimensions requires laboratory analysis to assess soil stress limits (Seigmas Solbarre).
  • The laboratory provides essential data on soil resistance, which influences foundation type selection and design calculations before execution.

Applications of Geotechnical Engineering

  • Geotechnical engineering plays a vital role across various civil engineering projects, including foundations, slope stability, earthworks, and infrastructure like roads and tunnels.
  • It also encompasses environmental protection considerations, such as selecting sites for waste disposal based on thorough soil studies.

Educational Aspects of Geotechnical Engineering

  • The field has diverse applications requiring specialized training over three years to cover foundational concepts in geotechnics.
  • Courses include modules on soil characteristics and mechanics, emphasizing practical applications in stability assessments for structures.

Advanced Topics in Stability Analysis

  • Future chapters will focus on stability against overturning and sliding, highlighting general cases to illustrate formulas used for verifying structural stability.
Playlists: Mécanique des sols-Stabilité, Mécanique des sols-Stabilité
Video description

Définition de la mécanique des sols Projet géotechnique Présentation du module. Pour télécharger le livre gratuitement en PDF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzC6lAmm-oo Sommaire 3 A) Chapitre 0 : Introduction à la mécanique des sols : 8 I. Définition de la géotechnique : 8 II. Projet type géotechnique 8 III. Domaine d'application de la géotechnique : 9 B) Chapitre 01 : Étude de la stabilité au renversement et au glissement : cas général 11 I. Introduction 11 II. Les différents types de stabilité : 11 III. Etude de stabilité des murs au renversement ( à la rotation ) 13 1) Pose du problème : 13 2) Etude de stabilité au renversement. 13 a) le moment stabilisant Ms (ou Moment Résistant) 13 b) le moment de renversement Mr 14 c) La condition de stabilité au renversement. 14 d) Exemple 01 : Vérification de la stabilité d’un mur au renversement 15 IV. Etude de la stabilité des murs au glissement 16 1) Pose du problème 16 2) Equations d’équilibre au glissement 17 3) Exemple 02 : Vérification de la stabilité au glissement 19 V. Fiche de calcul pour étudier la stabilité: 21 C) Chapitre 02 : Application sur les murs de clôture : Vérification et dimensionnement 23 I. Application N°1 : Etude de stabilité d’un mur de clôture en maçonnerie 23 II. Application N°2 : Calcul de la poussée maximale du vent que peut supporter un mur : 24 III. Application N°3 : Projet mur de clôture d’une commune rurale : 25 IV. Solution Exercice 01 : 27 V. Solution Exercice 02 : 33 D) Chapitre 03 : Calcul de la poussée des terres 36 I. Définition d’un mur de soutènement : 36 II. Types des murs de soutènement 37 a) Mur Poids 37 b) mur en béton armé 39 c) Mur à consoles 39 d) Mur à contreforts 39 e) Murs à bêche 40 III. Caractéristiques fondamentales d’un sol 41 1) Le poids volumique : 41 2) Portance du sol q = la pression que peut supporter un sol= Résistance maximale d’un sol. 42 3) Angle de talus naturel φ 42 4) La cohésion C 43 IV. Calcul de la Poussée des terres : 43 1) Introduction 43 2) Cas N°1 : Cas d’une seule couche de terre sans surcharge. 44 a) Calcul des pressions 44 b) Diagramme des pressions 45 c) Calcul de la poussée totale des terres Pterre 45 d) Exemple d’application 01 :Etude de stabilité d’un mur de soutènement en maçonnerie. 46 e) Cas d’un mur de soutènement en béton armé 48 3) Cas N°2 : cas d’une surcharge sur les terres à soutenir 50 4) Cas N°3 : cas de deux couches de terres de caractéristiques différentes 57 5) Cas N°4 : Calcul de la butée des terres 65 6) Cas N°5 : Calcul de la poussée des terres : cas d’un sol cohérent 68 7) Cas N°6 : Calcul de la poussée des terres : Présence de la nappe. 72 E) Chapitre 04 : Vérification du non écrasement des matériaux 79 I. Objectif du chapitre : 79 II. Principe de vérification : 79 III. Exemple d’application : 80 IV. Fiche de vérification du non-écrasement des matériaux 89 F) Chapitre 05 : Vérification du non-poinçonnement dans le sol 92 I. Objectif du chapitre : 92 II. Principe de vérification : 92 III. Exemple d’application : 94 G) Chapitre 06 : Exercices d’application sur l’étude de la stabilité des murs de soutènement 97 I. Exercice corrigé N° 01 : Vérification de la stabilité d’un mur en BA 97 II. Exercice corrigé N° 02 : Etude de la stabilité d’un mur de soutènement en briques. 100 III. Exercice corrigé N° 03 : Vérification de la stabilité d’un mur en béton armé.( Cas d’une surcharge) 106 IV. Exercice corrigé N° 04 : Dimensionnement d’un mur en BA 108 V. Exercice corrigé N° 05 : Calcul de la surcharge maximale 111 VI. Exercice corrigé N° 06 : Vérification et dimensionnement d’un mur de soutènement. 114 VII. Exercice corrigé N° 07 : Vérification de la stabilité d’un mur (cas de deux couches différentes) 120 VIII. Exercice corrigé N° 08 : Dimensionnement d’un mur en BA 124 IX. Exercice corrigé N° 09 : Calcul du poids volumique d’un mur 127 X. Exercice corrigé N° 10 : Vérification de la stabilité d’un mur( Cas d’une butée) 130 XI. Exercice corrigé N° 11 : Calcul des poussées appliquées sur un mur ( 3 couches avec présence de la nappe) 133 XII. Evaluation N°1 138 XIII. Evaluation N°2 139 XIV. Evaluation N°3 140 Bibliographie : 141