FRANCIA MEDIEVAL 3: De Carolingios a Capetos -La invasión vikinga y la división de Verdún (Historia)

Medieval France 3 - From Carolingians to Capetians - The Viking invasion and division of Verdun

This transcript covers the period between the year 814 and 1060 in Medieval France, focusing on the Viking invasion and division of Verdun. It discusses the decline of the Carolingian empire after Charlemagne's death, Ludovico Pio's reign, his sons' civil wars, and the Treaty of Verdun.

Ludovico Pío's Reign (814-843)

• After Charlemagne's death, Ludovico Pío witnessed a progressive decline of the Carolingian empire that resulted in many civil wars and a brutal fragmentation.

• To make everything more manageable, he drafted the Ordinatio Imperii (817), a law to establish a system that avoided the division of this "imperium romanum".

• Ludovico married Judith, an ambitious noble from the German family of Welf or Guelphs. With her he had Carlos II el Calvito in 823.

• Throughout three civil wars, his children began to fight against their father and then between them.

• Stresses his good relationship with Benito de Aniano, one of his faithful advisers responsible for a reform so that all monasteries adhere to San Benito's rule.

The Treaty of Verdun (843)

• After Ludovico's death, his son Carlos II el Calvito began to reign absolutely.

• Lotario I was defeated in a bloody battle in Fontenoy-en-Puisaye (841), and had no choice but to yield and agree with Carlos II el Calvito and Luis the Germanic.

• The Treaty of Verdun of the year 843 divided the huge Franco Empire into three: Frankia Occidental for Carlos II, Frankia Oriental for Louis the Germanic, and Lotaringia for Lothario I.

• The brothers had a relative peace among them during a period known as Confraternitas, mostly to face common threats such as Muslims and Norman Vikings.

Viking Invasion

• Norman Vikings had already plundered cities like Rouen and Nantes, and even came to besiege Paris in 845. Carlos II el Calvito had to pay 7,000 pounds of silver and gold to be pirated.

The Use of Crossbows and the Orleans Heresy

This section covers the use of crossbows in medieval times and how they were eventually prohibited due to their danger to humans. It also discusses the Orleans Heresy of 1022, a millenarian movement that rebelled against ecclesiastical power.

Crossbows and Their Prohibition

• Crossbows were used in medieval times but were eventually prohibited due to their danger to humans.

• The use of crossbows was within the realm of possibility at that time.

• In a few centuries, however, they would be prohibited for being a threat to human safety.

The Orleans Heresy

• The Orleans Heresy was a millenarian movement that arose during the new millennium.

• Many peasants, such as Leutrad de Vertus, rebelled against ecclesiastical power and broke religious icons.

• Most people did not know what year they lived in, so there were only a few cases counted.

• King Robert II ordered some rebels burned after they accused bishops of heresy.