3 Types of Rocks and the Rock Cycle: Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic - FreeSchool
Rocks and Their Formation
This section introduces the three main types of rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic. It explains how each type is formed and provides examples.
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are formed from magma or lava cooling. Intrusive igneous rocks like granite form when magma cools slowly beneath the earth's surface. Extrusive igneous rocks like tuff, obsidian, and pumice form when lava cools on the surface.
Approximately 95% of the earth's crust is made up of igneous rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are created from sediment accumulation over time in layers. Fossils can be found in sedimentary rocks due to the preservation process during formation.
Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, shale, and sandstone.
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks result from existing rock types being altered by extreme heat and pressure. They can originate from sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks.
Different types of rock transform into various metamorphic forms under heat and pressure conditions. For instance, shale changes into slate, sandstone into quartzite, and limestone into marble.
The Rock Cycle
Video description
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Rocks are awesome! They can be found everywhere on earth and come in many different shapes, forms, and textures. There are three main types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Learn more about these types of rock, how they are formed, some examples of each type, and how the rock cycle works to change one type of rock into another.
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Music: Jaunty Gumption, Unwritten Return - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Some footage provided by the US Geological Survey
Image Sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#/media/File:Banded_iron_formation.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#/media/File:Banded_iron_formation.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock#/media/File:Quartzite.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock#/media/File:Igneous_rock_eng_text.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite#/media/File:Fj%C3%A6regranitt3.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tuff#/media/File:HK_LukChauShan_Tuff_1.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsidian#/media/File:Lipari-Obsidienne_(5).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glasses_of_water#/media/File:Mud_and_water_suspension_and_clear_water.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#/media/File:Pressure_solution_sandstone.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lake_sediments#/media/File:Arch%C3%A4ologie_im_Parkhaus_Op%C3%A9ra_-_Originalschichten_Rettungsgrabung_2010_mit_Kulturschichten_(dunkel)_und_Seekreidablagerungen_(hell)_-_%27Zwischenfutter%27_Hirschgeweih-Steinbeil_2013-03-04_16-24-44_(P7700).JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#/media/File:Fossils_in_a_beach_wall.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valued_images_of_fossils#/media/File:Betelgeusia_orientalis_MHNT.PAL.2010.2.1.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Limestone#/media/File:Dolomitic_Limestone.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oil_shale#/media/File:Oil_shale_Colorado.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock#/media/File:Migma_ss_2006.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartzite#/media/File:Folded_Rock_on_Belle-Ile_Brittany_France.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock#/media/File:Rock_contact_metamorphism_eng_big_text.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneiss#/media/File:Orthogneiss_Geopark.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Slate#/media/File:Gray_Slate.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sandstone&filefrom=Light+and+Shadow+over+sandstone.jpg#/media/File:SmallCrater05_ST_08.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quartzite#/media/File:Pink_Quartzite.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marble_samples#/media/File:Museo_de_La_Plata_-_M%C3%A1rmol_blanco.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma#/media/File:Pahoehoe_toe.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sedimentary_rocks#/media/File:Courthouse_Rock,_Sedona_Arizona.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ch%C3%BDnovsk%C3%A1_jeskyn%C4%9B(4).jpg?fastcci_from=114817&c1=114817&d1=15&s=200&a=fqv
