Glucose Transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) - Biochemistry Lesson

Glucose Transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) - Biochemistry Lesson

Transporte de Glicose: Tipos e Funções

Introdução aos Transportadores de Glicose

  • O vídeo aborda os transportadores de glicose, sua importância no metabolismo corporal e como a glicose, sendo hidrofílica, não pode ser transportada facilmente através das membranas celulares.

Tipos de Transportadores de Glicose

  • Existem dois tipos principais de transportadores:
  • GLUTs (Transportadores de Glicose): 14 tipos que são independentes de sódio e ATP, encontrados em todo o corpo.
  • SGLTs (Transportadores Dependentes de Sódio): Dependem do sódio e requerem ATP para criar um gradiente que permite o transporte da glicose.

Principais Transportadores GLUT

GLUT1

  • Encontrado em células vermelhas do sangue, barreira hematoencefálica e coração (em menor quantidade).
  • É independente de insulina; as células vermelhas do sangue utilizam GLUT1 para captar glicose continuamente.

GLUT2

  • Localizado no fígado, pâncreas e intestino delgado; também é independente de insulina.
  • Possui uma alta constante de Michaelis-Menten (Km), indicando baixa afinidade pela glicose. Capta glicose apenas em altas concentrações.

GLUT3

  • Presente no cérebro, neurônios e esperma; é independente de insulina.
  • Tem uma baixa constante Km, resultando em alta afinidade pela glicose. O cérebro prioriza a captação contínua deste substrato energético.

GLUT4

  • Encontrado nos músculos esqueléticos, tecido adiposo e coração; depende da insulina para funcionar.
  • A insulina promove a translocação do GLUT4 para a membrana celular, facilitando a captação da glicose.

GLUT5

  • Localizado nos enterócitos do epitélio intestinal; também é independente de insulina.
  • Importante para o transporte de frutose na luz intestinal.

Transportadores Dependentes de Sódio (SGLT)

SGLT1

  • Encontra-se nos enterócitos do epitélio intestinal; também é independente de insulina.

Importância dos Transportadores SGLT2 nos Rins

Função dos Transportadores SGLT2

  • Os transportadores SGLT2 estão localizados nos túbulos proximais do néfron, que é a unidade funcional do rim. Eles são independentes de insulina e dependentes de ATP e sódio, desempenhando um papel crucial na retenção de glicose.
  • A função principal desses transportadores é evitar a perda de glicose na urina, garantindo que o corpo mantenha níveis adequados desse açúcar no sangue.

Impacto da Diabetes nos Transportadores SGLT2

  • Durante episódios de diabetes, quando os níveis de glicose no sangue se tornam excessivamente altos, os transportadores SGLT2 podem ficar saturados.
Video description

Video lesson on glucose transporters, the different types of glucose transporters such as GLUTs and sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs), where they are found in the body and their relevance in whole-body metabolism. Hey guys! Here is a lesson on glucose transporters and physiology and location of glucose transporters. I hope you all find it helpful! Did you find this lesson helpful and informative? If you did, please LIKE this video and SUBSCRIBE for more videos like this one! JJ ****EXCLAIMER: The content (ex. images) used in this lesson are used in accordance with Fair Use laws and are intended for educational/teaching purposes only.**** *Subscribe for more free medical lessons* https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFPvnkCZbHfBvV8ApBBE0vA?sub_confirmation=1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Try Audible and Get A Free Audiobook https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00NB86OYE/?_encoding=UTF8&ref_=sv_adbl_subnav_ref1_1 For books and more information on these topics https://www.amazon.com/shop/jjmedicine Support future lessons (and get other cool stuff) ➜ https://www.patreon.com/jjmedicine Follow me on Twitter! ➜ https://twitter.com/JJ_Medicine Come join me on Facebook! ➜ https://www.facebook.com/JJ-Medicine-100642648161192/ Start your own website with BlueHost ➜ https://www.bluehost.com/track/jjmedicine/ Check out the best tool to help grow your YouTube channel (it’s helped me!) https://www.tubebuddy.com/jjmedicine ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Check out some of my other lessons. Medical Terminology - The Basics - Lesson 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04Wh2E9oNug Medical Terminology - Anatomical Terms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkXiE3NEJxw Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuQS_LpNMzo Wnt/B Catenin Signaling Pathway: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGVP4J9jpgs Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itNd74V53ng Lesson on the Purine Synthesis and Salvage Pathway: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2KFVvI8Akk Gastrulation | Formation of Germ Layers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6Kkn0SECJ4 Introductory lesson on Autophagy (Macroautophagy): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmSVKzHc5yA Infectious Disease Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwW0Bkc6c66uDACkzotaK26b Dermatology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwW3dgORRNmk_MZvnWpZx_lW Pharmacology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwWPWcV9lZTh-Qxv0gYakQXR Hematology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwW8Ajo1dmxdj4EYEKcbtGju Rheumatology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwWDvuhasXsuTFXJp05wwUle Endocrinology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwUuRSzhploohnaWVvbVZ7ZP Nephrology Playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRjNoiRtdFwXRSwrFQK5WwWZLk1Las8v8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.* I am always looking for ways to improve my lessons! Please don't hesitate to leave me feedback and comments - all of your feedback is greatly appreciated! :) And please don't hesitate to send me any messages if you need any help - I will try my best to be here to help you guys :) Thanks for watching! If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe! JJ