BASE DE DATOS DOCUMENTALES, ESTRUCTURA Y PRINCIPIOS DE USO
Understanding Databases
What is a Database?
- A database is defined as a structured set of information stored electronically, consisting of records that serve as autonomous units of information.
- Each record contains specific fields such as name, profession, address, and phone number, which are essential for organizing data effectively.
Purpose and Maintenance
- Databases are continuously created and maintained to meet the informational needs of various groups, including businesses and society at large.
- They can be accessed directly in electronic format or used to produce printed materials like bibliographies and reports.
Types of Databases
- Three main categories of databases include:
- Full-text databases: Contain complete documents.
- Image files: Store electronic images.
- Referential databases: Provide essential information for locating documents without containing the original text.
Classification Criteria
- Five classifications based on production organizations include:
- Public access databases (free or paid).
- Internal use databases with restricted access (e.g., non-profits).
- Company-specific internal databases.
- External user-oriented databases.
Database Structures and Functionality
Document Types in Libraries
- Library catalogs strictly reflect the contents available within a library or network of libraries, allowing searches via classification or subject headings.
Information Access Systems
- More comprehensive document analysis systems provide multiple access points for easier topic localization. Each bibliographic record includes summaries and representative terms related to the content.
Citation Indexes
- Citation indexes systematically compile references from scientific articles, aiding in bibliometric studies and assessing scientific productivity.
Internal Structure of Databases
Record Identification
- Each record in a bibliographic database corresponds to an original document (e.g., publications or parts thereof), ensuring unique identification through assigned numbers.
Search Options Available
- Various search modalities exist within retrieval systems:
- Direct keyword search.
- Index-based selection by users.
- Hierarchical searching methods.
Effective Searching Strategies
Complex Search Techniques
- Conducting complex searches requires specifying numerous concepts while considering different thematic expressions. Logical operators enhance search precision.
Vocabulary Control
- Subject searches typically utilize two types of text fields formed by entries from an alphabetical subject index.
Recommended Steps for Effective Queries
- Select the most appropriate database for your query.
- Familiarize yourself with its features and retrieval system.