Losa Aligerada - Proceso Constructivo

Introduction to Aligerada Slabs

Overview of the Speaker and Context

• Carlos Eduardo Seta Valiente introduces himself as a civil engineering student from Universidad Nacional del Santa, located in Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash. He discusses various types of slabs including solid slabs, steel slabs, ribbed slabs, prestressed slabs, and lightweight slabs.

Focus on Lightweight Slabs

• The speaker emphasizes that lightweight slabs (losas aligeradas) are designed with beams and bricks that reduce load on columns and beams compared to other slab types. This design is crucial for structural efficiency.

Construction Safety Standards

Importance of Safety Gear

• Before entering construction sites, adherence to safety regulations (Norma 050) is mandatory. Essential personal protective equipment (PPE) includes helmets, long-sleeve shirts, vests, jeans or trousers, and steel-toed shoes.

Formwork for Lightweight Slabs

Components of Formwork

• The formwork for lightweight slabs consists of vertical supports (pie derechos), horizontal members (soleras), planks (tablones), and edge boards (frisos). Recommended dimensions for these components are provided to ensure stability during construction.

Recommendations for Measurements

• Specific measurements include:

• Tablones: 1/2 x 8 inches.

• Soleras: 2 x 4 inches.

• Pie derechos: ideally not exceeding a separation of 90 cm. Circular sections are also permissible in some cases.

Brick Placement Techniques

Guidelines for Brick Installation

• When placing bricks in the slab:

• The first brick should be positioned against the concrete beam.

• Subsequent bricks must be laid perpendicular to the beam direction to maintain void spaces within them for concrete flow during pouring. Care must be taken as these bricks can be fragile under weight.

Steel Reinforcement in Beams and Slabs

Proper Steel Placement Practices

• Steel reinforcement bars should not touch the formwork; spacers are used to maintain proper distance.

• Viguetas must be placed perpendicular to the longer side of the slab while ensuring correct distribution according to structural plans. Additional elements like balancines provide necessary support at critical points within the structure.

Electrical Installations Considerations

Best Practices for Electrical Work

• Electrical installations should avoid interference with concrete structures; light boxes need placement away from direct contact with concrete.

• Tubes should be sealed properly to prevent water ingress which could lead to future issues such as corrosion or electrical faults. All installations must comply with safety standards throughout construction phases.

Concrete Pouring Process

Steps During Concrete Filling

• Concrete filling begins by filling beams before proceeding with slab areas up to a height of approximately five centimeters.

• A mechanical vibrator is essential during this process to eliminate air pockets ensuring a dense final product; care must also be taken not to over-vibrate which can separate aggregate materials within the mix leading to poor quality concrete outcomes.

Conclusion on Construction Efficiency

• Efficient personnel management is highlighted; typically four workers per hundred square meters are sufficient when using appropriate leveling tools like aluminum rules for achieving an adequate finish on surfaces post-pour completion ensuring proper adhesion against subsequent layers like flooring or tiles later on in construction projects.