The AMERICAN REVOLUTION [APUSH Review Unit 3 Topic 5 (3.5)] Period 3: 1754-1800

What Factors Contributed to the American Victory in the Revolutionary War?

Introduction to the American Revolution

• The video introduces Unit 3 of the AP U.S. History curriculum, focusing on the American Revolution and its contributing factors to victory.

• Despite being a powerful nation, Britain faced unexpected challenges from America, which declared independence and engaged in war with its primary trading partner.

Divided Colonists

• Not all colonists supported independence; only about half were actively aligned with the patriot cause.

• Loyalists opposed independence and remained loyal to Britain, creating internal conflict within the colonies.

Early Struggles of the Continental Army

• George Washington was appointed as general but faced significant challenges; for six months, his army did not win any battles.

• Soldiers were poorly armed and trained, often motivated by local coercion rather than national loyalty.

Shift in Strategy

• Washington adopted a war of attrition strategy, aiming to prolong battles until British forces became exhausted.

• Initially hesitant to recruit black soldiers, Washington changed his stance when British offers of freedom prompted him to enlist around 5,000 black men into service.

Key Victories and Alliances

• The turning point came when Washington led a surprise attack across the Delaware River on Christmas Eve 1776 against Hessian troops.

• The Battle of Saratoga in September 1777 was crucial; it convinced France to ally with America due to Britain's perceived strength being undermined.

Conclusion: The End of Conflict

• With French support during key battles like Yorktown in 1781, American forces achieved decisive victories leading to British surrender.