Principios de funcionamiento de redes locales

Principles of Local Area Networks (LAN)

This section introduces the concept of Local Area Networks (LANs) and explains their basic functioning.

Functioning of LANs

• LANs are networks that connect computers or network devices within a limited area, typically not exceeding 100 meters within the same building.

• To establish communication in a LAN, transmitters are required to transmit information, and a medium is needed to send the data. The medium can be twisted pair cables, fiber optic cables, or radio waves such as Wi-Fi.

• Transmitters and receivers are located on network interface cards (NICs) in computers, which can be connected to the network using an Ethernet port.

• The OSI model is used to address transmission issues when connecting multiple devices. It consists of several layers that generate protocols responsible for organizing and establishing communication between different architectures and operating systems.

OSI Model

This section explains the OSI model and its different layers.

Layers of the OSI Model

1. Physical Layer:

• Handles the transmission and reception of raw bit sequences through physical media such as cables, connectors, and NICs.

2. Data Link Layer:

• Identifies logical protocols and encapsulates data from the upper layer into frames.

• Manages physical addressing (MAC), frame distribution control, error handling, and flow control.

3. Network Layer:

• Defines how data is transported between devices not locally connected.

• Routers operate at this layer to redirect or route frames.

• TCP/IP protocol is commonly used for effective communication between devices.

4. Transport Layer:

• Ensures that data reaches the correct destination using TCP/IP protocol.

• Establishes end-to-end connections between devices by assigning IP addresses to network interface cards.

IP Addressing

This section discusses IP addressing and its importance in network communication.

IP Addressing

• An IP address is used to differentiate one device from another within a network.

• It is written in decimal format, such as 173.14.7894, and assigned to each network interface card.

• IP addresses can be dynamically assigned by a DHCP protocol or manually assigned by a network administrator.

• Larger networks may have a DNS server that assigns aliases to IP addresses, allowing access to devices using names instead of IPs.

LAN Construction with Two Computers

This section explains how to set up a LAN between two computers.

LAN Setup Steps

1. Connect two computers with Ethernet cables using a crossover configuration (crossover cables are used when connecting similar network devices).

2. Assign unique IP addresses to each NIC without repetition to avoid conflicts.

3. Configure the IP addresses on Windows 8 or Windows 7:

• Open Network Connections in the Network Manager.

• Right-click on the desired connection and select Properties.

• Go to the Networking tab and select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) properties.

• Specify an IP address and subnet mask for each computer (e.g., 192.168.1.2 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for one computer, and 192.168.1.3 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the other).

4. Share files and folders by configuring additional settings in HomeGroup on Windows 7 or higher.

Recap of LANs

This section provides a recap of Local Area Networks (LANs).

Recap of LANs

• LANs are networks that connect computers or network devices within a limited area.

• TCP is the most commonly used protocol for communication between network devices.

• Each computer in a LAN has a unique IP address and shares the same subnet mask.

The transcript does not provide timestamps for the remaining content.