Virtualização de Armazenamento - Cloud Computing
Storage Virtualization and Management
Introduction to Storage
- The discussion begins with the importance of storage in addition to processing virtualization, emphasizing that data must be stored effectively rather than just processed locally.
- The speaker introduces the concept of physical machines and how they can host multiple virtual machines, each with its own virtual storage.
Virtual Machines and Storage Dynamics
- A physical machine can create several virtual machines, which utilize virtual disks that may reside on the physical hard drive.
- Virtual disks can be dynamically resized; for example, a disk starting at 100GB can be increased to 150GB without issues as long as total disk space allows it.
- There are limitations on resizing due to shared resources among virtual machines within a physical server.
Disk Sharing and Limitations
- Sharing disks between virtual machines is limited; a virtual machine cannot access a disk not allocated within its environment.
- To increase storage capacity, one must power down the server and replace the hard drive with a larger one.
Fault Tolerance Techniques
- The presentation discusses fault tolerance techniques in virtualization environments, highlighting security measures when creating new virtual machines from previously used resources.
- Temporary applications often use local storage solutions that do not require long-term persistence.
External Storage Solutions
- Manufacturers have developed external hard drives that connect multiple units together to appear as a single large drive to servers.
- This arrangement allows for partitioning and sharing of storage across different servers seamlessly.
Advanced Storage Arrangements
- Servers can allocate specific amounts of storage from this combined external resource based on their needs (e.g., 100GB or 200GB).
- Modern systems allow for complex arrangements where multiple drives work together efficiently without downtime during maintenance or upgrades.
Standards and Reliability in Storage Systems
- Current standards for interconnecting these external drives include various protocols like Fiber Channel, ensuring compatibility across devices.
- Redundancy features such as mirroring protect against data loss by maintaining copies elsewhere in case of failure.
- Hot-swapping capabilities allow for replacing failed drives without shutting down systems, enhancing operational efficiency.
Understanding Network Storage Solutions
Rack-Mounted Storage Systems
- The discussion begins with the importance of maintaining availability in storage systems, emphasizing that components are securely mounted and interconnected within standard 19-inch racks.
- A visual representation is provided, showing a rack containing multiple slots for hard drives (HD), highlighting the internal interconnection bus located at the back of the rack.
- The design allows for easy removal of hard drives without needing to power down other systems, ensuring continuous operation even when replacing faulty units.
- The speaker notes that these racks can house numerous servers, which can be replicated across various locations to enhance data accessibility and redundancy.
- Limitations in connection distances between devices are discussed, indicating that traditional networking technologies restrict connections to only a few hundred meters.
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
- Introduction of Network Attached Storage (NAS), which connects clients to virtual storage through local networks or the internet, facilitating remote access.
- This architecture enables global connectivity; users can access storage from anywhere in the world while acknowledging potential latency issues due to internet delays.
- Benefits include enhanced collaboration capabilities where users from different geographical locations can share data seamlessly over the internet.
- Performance considerations are highlighted; while NAS offers flexibility and remote access, it may not match the speed of local network connections due to inherent delays.
- The speaker emphasizes that high-speed local networks provide superior performance compared to remote setups but acknowledges NAS's advantages in terms of accessibility.
Cloud-Based Storage Services
- Discussion shifts towards cloud-based services like Dropbox and Google Drive, which allow users to store data without installing software on their machines.
- These services manage infrastructure maintenance and availability on behalf of users, reducing client-side responsibilities regarding server upkeep.
- Users benefit from reduced maintenance needs as service providers handle updates and server management tasks automatically.
Summary of Storage Models
- Four primary models for providing personalized storage solutions are outlined: internal HD usage, external HD options, virtualized storage through servers with limited internal capacity.
- Emphasis is placed on how traditional methods limit sharing capabilities among different servers due to physical constraints.
- The concept of "storage area networks" is introduced as a solution allowing extensive scalability by connecting numerous devices efficiently.
Storage Models Overview
Common Areas of Collaboration
- The discussion begins with the concept of collaboration in environments where team members are located far apart, emphasizing the need for effective storage solutions.
Software Storage Model
- The fourth model discussed is a software-based storage solution that does not require special software for access; users can utilize a standard web browser to interact with their files.
- This model highlights user-friendliness, as platforms like Google Drive and Dropbox only necessitate a browser (e.g., Chrome) for uploading and downloading files.
High Availability and Scalability
- A key advantage of this storage model is its high availability, ensuring that services remain operational without downtime.
- The scalability aspect allows the system to handle increased traffic by managing server quantities effectively, which is crucial for maintaining performance during peak usage times.