🥇 206 HUESOS del Cuerpo Humano en 24 Minutos!!! + Mnemotecnias!!! Fácil y Sencillo

Introduction to Human Bones

Overview of the Video

• The video introduces the topic of human anatomy, specifically focusing on the 206 bones that comprise the adult human body.

• The presenter invites viewers to subscribe and like the video while preparing to discuss a diagram illustrating bone distribution across different body regions.

Bone Distribution in the Body

• The head contains a total of 29 bones: 8 cranial vault bones, 14 facial bones, 6 ear bones (3 on each side), and one hyoid bone associated with the neck.

• In the trunk region, there are 26 vertebrae and 25 thoracic bones (ribs and sternum), totaling 51 bones in this area.

• The upper extremities consist of 64 bones, while lower limbs have a combined total of 62 bones. This leads to a grand total of 206 bones in adults.

Understanding Adult vs. Child Bone Count

Differences in Bone Count

• Adults typically have 206 bones; however, children may have more due to non-fused cartilage that counts as separate entities before maturation.

• Some individuals may possess supernumerary or sesamoid bones which can increase their bone count beyond the standard number.

Cranial Bones: An In-depth Look

Cranial Vault Composition

• The cranial vault consists of eight primary bones: two parietal (paired), two temporal (paired), and four odd-shaped midline bones including frontal, sphenoid, occipital, and ethmoid.

Mnemonics for Learning Cranial Bones

• A mnemonic technique is introduced using "two ugly ducks" to help memorize these eight cranial bones effectively.

• Sphenoid (1)

• Parietal (2)

• Temporal (2)

• Frontal (1)

• Ethmoid (1)

• Occipital (1)

Facial Bones Overview

Structure of Facial Mass

• The facial skeleton comprises a total of 14 distinct facial bones that serve various functions within nasal, oral, and orbital cavities.

Anatomy of the Human Skull and Vertebral Column

Overview of Facial Bones

• The uppermost anterior bones are the nasal bones, with one on each side.

• The maxillae (upper jaws) consist of two fused bones at the midline, replacing the term "superior."

• Zygomatic or malar bones form the cheekbones, also paired as two on either side.

• Lacrimal bones, known as unguis, are also paired and located in the eye region.

• Inferior turbinates are independent bones within the nasal cavity; they differ from middle and superior turbinates which are part of other structures.

Complete List of Facial Bones

• There are 14 facial bones: 2 nasals, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatics, 2 lacrimals, and 2 inferior turbinates. Additionally, there are palatine bones that form the palate.

• The mandible (lower jaw) is an odd bone contributing to facial structure along with the vomer bone forming part of the nasal septum. This brings total facial bone count to 14.

Mnemonic for Facial Bones

• A mnemonic to remember these facial bones is "bad mom and a turkey with a nose," where:

• Ma = Maxilla

• Ma = Mandible

• Mal = Malar (Zygomatic) Bone

• U = Unguis (Lacrimal Bone)

• Pa = Palatine Bone

• Vo = Vomer Bone

• Co = Inferior Turbinate

• Nose = Nasal Bones

This mnemonic helps recall all eight unique facial structures effectively.

Ossicles of the Ear

• There are three ossicles in each ear: hammer (malleus), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). These smallest human bones articulate within the temporal bone.

• The hyoid bone is unique as it does not directly articulate with other skeletal elements but is supported by ligaments and muscles; it floats in the neck area.

Structure of Spinal Column

• The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae:

• 7 cervical vertebrae support head weight.

• 12 thoracic vertebrae correspond to rib attachment.

• 5 lumbar vertebrae provide lower back support.

• Sacral bone results from fusion during adulthood counted as one.

• Coccygeal bone also fuses several vertebrae into one unit for adults.

Total Count of Thorax Bones

Overview of the Thoracic Skeleton

Structure of the Ribs

• The thorax consists of 12 pairs of ribs, categorized into three types: true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-10), and floating ribs (11-12).

• True ribs articulate directly with the sternum, while false ribs do not connect directly to it; they are termed "false" for this reason.

• Floating ribs are unique as they do not articulate with either the sternum or other ribs, providing a degree of flexibility.

Anatomy of the Sternum

• The sternum is composed of three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process, which together form a single bone.

• In total, there are 24 rib bones plus one sternum in the thoracic skeleton.

Upper Limb Bone Structure

Overview of Upper Limb Bones

• The upper limb contains 64 bones in total—32 in each arm—comprising various segments from proximal to distal.

Shoulder Girdle Composition

• The shoulder girdle includes two primary bones: the clavicle (anteriorly) and scapula (posteriorly), forming a connection point for the upper limb.

Arm and Forearm Bones

• The arm consists solely of one long bone known as the humerus.

• The forearm comprises two bones: radius (lateral side towards thumb) and ulna (medial side towards little finger).

Hand Bone Structure

Carpal Bones

• There are eight carpal bones in the wrist: scaphoid, lunate, triangular (pyramidal), pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate (largest), and hamate (hooked).

Metacarpals and Phalanges

• Following the carpal bones are five metacarpals labeled first through fifth; the first corresponds to the thumb.

• Each finger is made up of phalanges: proximal phalanges for all fingers except thumbs have only two phalanges—proximal and distal.

Mnemonic for Carpal Bones

Learning Aid for Carpal Bones

Lower Limb Anatomy Overview

Introduction to Lower Limb Bones

• The lower limb consists of 62 bones in total, with 31 bones per limb, which is two fewer than the upper limb.

• The pelvic girdle connects the lower limb and is formed by a single coxal bone, unlike the shoulder girdle which has two bones (scapula and clavicle).

Structure of the Pelvic Girdle

• The coxal bone comprises three portions: ilium, ischium, and pubis. These portions are separate in children but fuse into one bone in adults.

Thigh and Leg Bones

• The thigh contains one long bone known as the femur.

• In the leg, there are two main bones: the tibia (medial and larger) known as the shinbone, and the fibula (lateral and thinner), often referred to simply as fibula.

Knee Structure

• The knee includes a small protective bone called the patella, which some classify as a sesamoid bone. This compensates for one of the missing bones compared to the upper limb.

Foot Anatomy

• The foot consists of seven tarsal bones; this is one less than in the carpus of the hand which has eight.

• Key tarsal bones include:

• Talus (forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula)

• Calcaneus (heel bone)

• Scaphoid (navicular)

• Cuboid

• Three cuneiform bones: medial (first), intermediate (second), lateral (third).

Metatarsals and Phalanges

• There are five metatarsals corresponding to each toe; these are similar to metacarpals in hands but specifically named for feet.

• Each toe has proximal phalanges, middle phalanges (missing for first toe), and distal phalanges totaling up to 31 bones when accounting for deficits.

Summary of Bone Deficits